Determinants of systolic blood pressure response during exercise in overweight subjects

Figures & data

Table I. Excerpt from the Chronotropic Assessment Exercise Protocol.

Stage	Time (mm:ss)	Cumulative time (mm:ss)	Speed (km/h)	Grade (%)	METs (1 MET = 3.5 ml O2/kg/min)
0	0:00	0:00	0.0	0	1
1	2:00	2:00	2.2	3.0	2.7
2	2:00	4:00	2.2	4.0	3.0
3	2:00	6:00	2.7	5.0	3.6
4	2:00	8:00	3.3	6.0	4.3
5	2:00	10:00	3.8	8.0	5.3
6	2:00	12:00	4.4	10.0	6.1
7	2:00	14:00	5.5	10.0	6.4
8	2:00	16:00	6.4	10.0	6.4

Table II. Clinical characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors in groups of patients with and without high systolic exercise BP (≥ 200 mmHg).

	Normal systolic exercise BP (n = 52)	High systolic exercise BP (n = 25)
Women (%)	72	28
Age (years)	47.3 ± 9.8	50.6 ± 9.3
Weight (kg)	95.1 ± 16.5	100.7 ± 20.0
BMI (kg/m^2)	32.5 ± 4.8	33.0 ± 4.8
Hypertension (%)	33	60*
Diabetes mellitus (%)	10	4
Current smoking (%)	37	44
Family history of premature coronary heart disease (%)	37	36
Obstructive lung disease (%)	21	28
Fasting s-glucose (mmol/l)	5.4 ± 0.9	5.8 ± 1.0
Fasting s-insulin (pmol/l)	108 ± 141	108 ± 100
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	1.5 ± 1.1	1.6 ± 0.9
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	5.4 ± 1.0	5.5 ± 1.0
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	1.2 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.8
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	3.5 ± 0.9	3.5 ± 0.8
Serum creatinine (μmol/l)	70 ± 12	68 ± 12
Hemoglobin (g/dl)	14.4 ± 1.3	14.4 ± 1.4
Clinic systolic BP (mmHg)	126.7 ± 13.2	142.0 ± 20.4**
Clinic diastolic BP (mmHg)	80.4 ± 8.7	83.8 ± 6.8
Clinic pulse pressure (mmHg)	46 ± 7	58 ± 17**
Clinic mean BP (mmHg)	96 ± 10	103 ± 10**
Clinic heart rate (beats/min)	67.5 ± 10.0	70.0 ± 7.0

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.

Table III. Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in groups with normal and high systolic exercise blood pressure (BP; ≥ 200 mmHg).

	Normal systolic exercise BP (n = 52)	High systolic exercise BP (n = 25)
24-h systolic ABP (mmHg)	119.5 ± 11.5	125.5 ± 10.7*
24-h diastolic ABP (mmHg)	73.0 ± 7.3	75.7 ± 8.1
24-h heart rate (beats/min)	73.0 ± 9.4	75.0 ± 7.9
Daytime systolic ABP (mmHg)	123.2 ± 12.0	129.8 ± 11.4*
Daytime diastolic ABP (mmHg)	75.8 ± 7.7	78.6 ± 8.1
Daytime heart rate (beats/min)	75.6 ± 10.1	77.7 ± 8.2
Night-time systolic ABP (mmHg)	106.7 ± 12.2	105.8 ± 24.9
Night-time diastolic ABP (mmHg)	63.9 ± 6.6	62.1 ± 15.9
Night-time heart rate (beats/min)	63.4 ± 8.7	62.6 ± 14.8

*p < 0.05.

Table IV. Blood pressure (BP) response and physical fitness during treadmill exercise.

	Normal systolic exercise BP (n = 52)	High systolic exercise BP (n = 25)
Systolic BP (mmHg)
Before exercise	133.3 ± 15.8	149.7 ± 18.1**
Peak exercise	171.0 ± 15.6	223.3 ± 17.6**
1 min post exercise	181.2 ± 25.2	207.4 ± 30.0**
5 min post exercise	144.8 ± 17.8	162.7 ± 24.5**
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
Before exercise	84.2 ± 10.0	89.8 ± 10.5*
Peak exercise^a	N/A	N/A
1 min post exercise	87.6 ± 11.4	97.4 ± 15.3*
5 min post exercise	85.1 ± 7.8	89.5 ± 9.2*
Heart rate (beats/min)
Before exercise	85.6 ± 12.7	86.6 ± 11.7
Peak exercise	176.1 ± 22.4	178.2 ± 20.6
Exercise duration (min)	15.3 ± 2.3	14.9 ± 1.8
Peak oxygen consumption (ml/kg/min)	31.7 ± 8.6	28.1 ± 6.0*
Respiratory exchange ratio	1.24 ± 0.17	1.26 ± 0.10
Metabolic equivalents	9.0 ± 2.6	8.3 ± 2.4

^aOnly systolic BP was measured during exercise. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.

Figure 1. Correlation between clinic systolic blood pressure (BP) and systolic exercise BP in normotensive and hypertensive subjects with increased body mass index.