Circadian blood pressure pattern in sarcoidosis patients

Figures & data

Table I. Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of study group.

Parameter	Sarcoidosis, n = 63	Control, n = 49	p
Age, years	44.7 (10.3)	40.8 (14.4)	0.20
Body mass index, kg/m^2	28.8 (5.2)	28.9 (3.3)	0.92
Male	22 (35)	21 (42)	0.39
Current smoking	14 (22.2)	7 (14.2)	0.65
Creatinine, mg/dl	0.74 (0.14)	0.78 (0.24)	0.49
Low density lipoprotein, mg/dl	128.9 (34.9)	130.3 (28.4)	0.90
Triglyceride, mg/dl	137.2 (51.4)	157.3 (67.8)	0.31
Glucose, mg/dl	101.5 (14.4)	97.2 (21.3)	0.37
Serum calcium, mg /dl	9.4 (0.47)
Stage
Stage 1	34 (54%)
Stage 2	29 (46%)
Disease duration (month)	48.3 (43.9)
Angiotensin converting enzyme, U/l	66.7 (5.9)
FEV1,%	91.9 (16.7)
FEVC, %	82.1 (22.6)
Diffusion capacity of lung for carbon monoxide, %	98.9 (17.6)
Extrapulmonary sarcoidosis	15 (23%)

Table II. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring findings in study group.

Parameter	Pulmonary sarcoidosis, n = 63	Control, n = 49	p
Office blood pressure
Systolic	120.4 (15.9)	116.7 (17.1)	0.24
Diastolic	77.5 (9.4)	76.2 (8.7)	0.45
Average 24-hour blood pressure, mmHg
Systolic	119.4 (11.9)	120.3 (9.76)	0.68
Diastolic	75.3 (7.8)	74.4 (7.4)	0.53
Mean	89.4 (8.5)	89.4 (7.9)	0.98
Average day-time blood pressure, mmHg
Systolic	121.5 (11.4)	122.6(9.9)	0.63
Diastolic	77.6 ((7.8)	76.5(7.4)	0.47
Mean	91.3 (9.5)	91.2 (8.1)	0.99
Average night-time blood pressure, mmHg
Systolic	114.6 (13.6)	112.9 (11)	0.49
Diastolic	70.1 (8.7)	67.5 (8.5)	0.11
Mean	84.5 (9.7)	82.6 (8.9)	0.3
Average morning blood pressure, mmHg
Systolic	123.3 (16.6)	123.7 (11.9)	0.86
Diastolic	78.1 (11.6)	77.4 (9.8)	0.74
Average pre-awakening blood pressure, mmHg
Systolic	112 (14.2)	109.3 (12.7)	0.31
Diastolic	68.2 (10.7)	64.3 (10.6)	0.06
Minimum blood pressure, mmHg
Systolic	101.5 (13.9)	97 (13.9)	0.09
Diastolic	57.6 (10.2)	54.4 (9.4)	0.09
Sleep-trough blood pressure surge, mmHg
Systolic	22.3 (11.4)	26.1 (12.3)	0.11
Diastolic	21.2 (10.3)	23.1 (9)	0.33
Pre-awakening blood pressure surge, mmHg
Systolic	12.2 (7.8)	14.5 (9.7)	0.18
Diastolic	11 (7.5)	13.6 (7.7)	0.08
24-h SD blood pressure, mmHg	10.7 (4.2)	10.8 (4.1)	0.9
Non-dipping pattern	51 (80)	26 (53)	0.002
Day–night SBP difference	6.9 (6.2)	9.6 (6.7)	0.03
Reverse dipper pattern	7 (11)	2 (4)	0.28
Masked hypertension	34 (53.9)	21 (42.8)	0.24
24-h heart rate
Minimum	54.7 (10.5)	52.4 (10)	0.2
Maximum	107.7 (20.7)	107 (14.4)	0.9
Mean	77.9 (8.7)	76.4 (8.7)	0.3

Mean values (SD) and n (%) are reported for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. SD, standard deviation.

Table III. A binary logistic regression model for the association of clinical variables with non-dipping hypertension in the whole study population (n = 112).

	Univariate			Multivariate
Variables	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
BMI > 25 kg/m^2	3.79	1.19–12	0.02	8.94	1.1–71.4	0.04
Masked HT	6.62	2.56–17.1	< 0.001	13.6	1.7–103.2	0.01
Sleepthrough SBP	0.89	0.86–0.94	< 0.001	0.93	0.83–1.4	0.15
Pre-awakening SBP	0.91	0.86–0.96	< 0.001	0.95	0.87–1.6	0.11
Stage 1 PS	2.88	1.09–7.6	0.03	1.1	0.42–9.8	0.26
Stage 2 PS	5.53	1.67–18.27	0.005	10.4	1.1–95.4	0.03

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; HT, hypertension; SBP, systolic blood pressure; PS, pulmonary sarcoidosis.