Thrombosis factors and oxidant/antioxidant markers in obese and hypertensive women during pregnancy

Figures & data

Table I. Maternal and neonatal characteristics.

Characteristics	Control group	Obese group	Hypertensive group
Number	34	30	28
Age (years)	30 ± 5	32 ± 4	31 ± 5
BMI (kg/m²)	22 ± 2.50	34.45 ± 3.22**	24 ± 2.33
Number of gestations	3 ± 1	3 ± 2	3 ± 1
Parity	2 ± 1	3 ± 2	3 ± 1
Gestational age (weeks)	38 ± 1	38 ± 1	38 ± 1
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	110 ± 10	120 ± 8	185 ± 7*
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	80 ± 5	85 ± 4	120 ± 8*
Birth weight (kg)	3.30 ± 0.50	4.50 ± 0.50*	2.60 ± 0.30*
M/F gender ratio	20/14	17/13	15/13

Values are means ± SD.

BMI, body mass index (weight/height²); M/F, male/female.

Significant differences between obese or hypertensive and control groups: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Table II. Maternal biochemical parameters.

	Control group	Obese group	Hypertensive group	p (ANOVA)
Glucose (mmol/l)	5.48 ± 0.23^b	5.83 ± 0.11^a	5.42 ± 0.16^b	0.030
Uric acid (μmol/l)	280.26 ± 15.02^b	271.79 ± 13.07^b	363.87 ± 24.8^a	0.002
Creatinine (μmol/l)	87.10 ± 4.62^b	89.31 ± 5.22^b	127.62 ± 2.43^a	0.007
Urea (mmol/l)	5.88 ± 0.35^b	5.78 ± 0.41^b	6.75 ± 0.39^a	0.004
Cholesterol (mmol/l)	6.34 ± 0.48	6.59 ± 0.56	6.64 ± 0.45	0.123
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	2.34 ± 0.14^c	2.98 ± 0.12^b	3.22 ± 0.04^a	0.005

Values are means ± SD.

Statistical comparison between the three groups of mothers (control, obese, hypertensive) was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Values for each parameter with different superscripts (a,b,c) are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Table III. Maternal oxidative stress parameters.

	Control group	Obese group	Hypertensive group	p (ANOVA)
MDA (nmol/g Hb)	25.63 ± 1.23^c	38.87 ± 2.77^b	58.75 ± 3.25^a	0.002
Carbonyl proteins (nmol/mg protein)	1.42 ± 0.05^c	2.82 ± 0.06^b	3.94 ± 0.16^a	0.001
GSH (mmol/l)	5.15 ± 0.31^a	3.15 ± 0.36^b	2.57 ± 0.24^c	0.003
O2^–. (μmol/l)	10.12 ± 1.34^c	18.93 ± 1.04^b	27.32 ± 4.50^a	0.001
NO (μmol/l)	3.68 ± 0.33^b	5.89 ± 0.21^a	1.82 ± 0.26^c	0.001
Vitamin C (μmol/l)	48.24 ± 3.46^a	30.52 ± 2.04^b	22.34 ± 3.23^c	0.005

Values are means ± SD.

MDA, malondialdehyde; GSH, reduced glutathione; O₂^–., superoxide anion; NO, nitric oxide.

Statistical comparison between the three groups of mothers (control, obese, hypertensive) was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Values for each parameter with different superscripts (a,b,c) are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Figure 1. Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in mothers. Values are means ± SD. Hb, hemoglobin; SOD, superoxide dismutase. Statistical comparison between the three groups of mothers (control, obese, hypertensive) was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Values for each parameter with different superscripts (a,b,c) are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Table IV. Maternal thrombosis parameters.

	Control group	Obese group	Hypertensive group	p (ANOVA)
Protein C (%)	82 ± 5.32^a	87 ± 4.61^a	60 ± 2.83^b	0.010
Protein S (%)	74.28 ± 6.42^a	68.58 ± 5.33^a	54.82 ± 3.05^b	0.020
Anti-thrombin (%)	82 ± 11.14^b	84 ± 3.76^b	98 ± 4.56^a	0.005
Prothrombin (%)	83 ± 2.82^c	99 ± 3.12^b	107 ± 4.43^a	0.003
APTT (s)	32.43 ± 2.75^b	30.89 ± 2.51^b	44.18 ± 2.53^a	0.010
Fibrinogen (g/l)	3.86 ± 0.32^c	5.84 ± 0.25^b	7.75 ± 0.45^a	0.001
PTT-LA (s)	22.12 ± 2.28^b	25.38 ± 2.18^b	40.22 ± 1.56^a	0.030
DRVVT (s)	29.02 ± 2.32^b	31.11 ± 2.44^b	41.72 ± 0.95^a	0.020

Values are means ± SD.

APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; PTT-LA, lupus anticoagulant-sensitive activated partial thromboplastin time; DRVVT, dilute Russell viper venom time.

Statistical comparison between the three groups of mothers (control, obese, hypertensive) was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Values for each parameter with different superscripts (a,b,c) are significantly different (p < 0.05).