Urinary and Serum Biomarkers after Cardiac Catheterization in Diabetic Patients with Stable Angina and without Severe Chronic Kidney Disease

Figures & data

Table 1  Basal clinical and biochemical characteristic of the studied patients

	Non DM (n  =  70)	DM (n = 70)
Age (years)	63.8 ± 11.4	63.9 ± 12.30
Hypertension (%)/hypertension history (years)	84%/10	90%/11
Current cigarette smokers/ previous smokers	12%/44%	15%/49%
Obesity BMI>30 kg/m2	17%	21%
Diabetes (%)/diabetes history (years)	0	11 (range 4–30 years)
BMI (kg/m2)	24.4 ± 6.1	25.4 ± 6.9
SBP (mm Hg)	139.5 ± 31.1	137.2 ± 30.2
DBP (mm Hg)	82.4 ± 24.0	83.1 ± 22.9
Ejection fraction (%)	48.4 ± 18.1	44.4 ± 21.8
LVIDd-left ventricular internal end-diastolic dimension (mm)	4.67 ± 1.88	5.98 ± 1.81
Duration of PCI (mins)	56.5 ± 26.1	59.5 ± 19.9
Contrast volume (ml)	164.1 ± 84.2	170.5 ± 84.1
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	13.9 ± 2.1	13.7 ± 2.0
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	88 ± 11	147 ± 64^†
HbA1c (%)	4.95 ± 1.14	6.95 ± 2.99^†
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.02 ± 0.13	1.01 ± 0.14
MDRD equation (mL/min)	82.8 ± 28.1	79.4 ± 29.4
Cockcroft-Gault formula (mL/min)	63.3 ± 22.1	61.2 ± 25.5
Cockcroft-Gault formula weight-adjusted (mL/min)	70.3 ± 24.1	67.1 ± 27.6
Jeliffe formula (mL/min)	68.2 ± 21.1	63.8 ± 24.1
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	161 ± 50	172 ± 47
HDL (mg/dL)	44 ± 11	43 ± 14
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	192 ± 59	207 ± 64

Values given as means± SD, or numbers and percentage.

*p < 0.05, ^†p < 0.001, non-diabetic patients vs. diabetic patients.

Figure 1. Time-course changes in serum NGAL (means ± SD) in non-diabetic and diabetic patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.

Figure 2. Time-course changes in urinary NGAL (medians) in non-diabetic and diabetic patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.

Figure 3. Time-course changes in serum cystatin C (means ± SD) in non-diabetic and diabetic patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.

Table 2  Time-course changes urinary KIM-1, L-FABP, and IL-18 in diabetic and non-diabetic patients undergoing cardiac catheterization

	Before	2 hours	4 hours	8 hours	24 hours	48 hours
Urinary KIM-1 (pg/mL), DM pts	65.05 (9.65–84.07)	75.16 (22.55–94.13)	80.01 (47.34–100.25)	88.77 (44.21–139.06)	95.72 (90.43–170.12)	89.17 (51.67–132.91)
Urinary KIM-1 (pg/mL), non-DM pts	57.83 (18.50–100.30)	69.27 (24.50–97.88)	71.18 (27.35–100.03)	81.55 (39.17– 125.00)	91.56 (62.59–134.04)	83.06 (63.73–117.01)
Urinary IL-18 (pg/mL), DM pts	0.5 (0.0–38.02)	8.91 (0.5–49.71)	14.79 (5.38–271.35)^‡	21.25 (14.30–484.95)^‡	79.28 (31.38–495.48)^‡	20.43 (14.79–102.7)^‡
Urinary IL-18 (pg/mL), non-DM pts	0.3 (0.0–20.63)	7.35 (0.1–26.88)	12.44 (0.5–29.76)^‡	13.59 (0.5–27.08)‡	56.48 (32.35–247.8)^†	12.79 (1.72–64.79)^‡
Urinary L-FABP (pg/mL), DM pts	6.39 (0.96–7.21)	7.51 (1.72–18.82)	8.67 (2.14–25.66)	10.43 (2.31–51.33)	18.92 (5.43–112.12)†	15.65 (3.75–48.47)
Urinary L-FABP (pg/mL), non-DM pts	5.32 (0.64–5.43)	5.91 (0.71–14.32)	6.38 (0.88–22.27)	8.18 (1.64–29.57)	16.01 (4.17–98.45)^†	12.32 (1.89–48.34)

Data given are medians (minimum, maximum): *p < 0.05, ^†p < 0.01, ^‡p < 0.001 vs. baseline.

Figure 4. Time-course changes in serum NGAL (means ± SD) in all patients with and without contrast-induced nephropathy undergoing cardiac catheterization.

Figure 5. Time-course changes in serum cystatin C (means ± SD) in all patients with and without contrast-induced nephropathy undergoing cardiac catheterization.