The relationship between the TGF-β1 gene −509C/T polymorphism and tubulointerstitial damage resulting from primary nephrotic syndrome

Figures & data

FIGURE 1. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of PCR products after restriction digestion. Each genotype of C-509T was clearly defined by the method described. 1,2:CC genotype; 3:CT genotype; 4: TT genotype; M: Marker.

TABLE 1.  Comparison on general condition in PNS patients and normal controls

	Normal control (n = 128)	PNS (n = 98)	p-Value
Sex (male/female)	73/58	53/45	0.221
Age (year)	27.45 ± 9.87	27.23 ± 4.35	0.732
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	117.33 ± 11.25	133.26 ± 23.82	0.321
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	71.29 ± 17.86	78.55 ± 12.54	0.664
Proteinuria (g/24 h)	0.09	6.36 ± 4.24	0.002
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)	87.33 ± 21.31	99.09 ± 32.51	0.213
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)	5.23 ± 2.62	7.15 ± 3.12	0.432
eGFR (90 mL/min/1.73 m^2)	98.11 ± 4.58	92.37 ± 5.18	0.267

TABLE 2.  Comparison on general condition in mild TID and servere TID patients

Index	TID		p-Value
	Mild (score < 2) n = 62	Severe (score ≥ 2) n =36
Sex (male/female)	34/28	19/17	0.232
Age (year)	25.64 ± 4.97	31.34 ± 6.12	0.345
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	129.63 ± 18.50	135.44 ± 31.37	0.098
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	78.72 ± 11.74	80.29 ± 15.52	0.331
Proteinuria (g/24 hours)	5.36 ± 3.24	7.08 ± 5.29	0.267
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)	79.09 ± 34.71	118.98 ± 29.36*	0.0045*
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)	6.45 ± 3.26	8.03 ± 5.84	0.309
eGFR (90 mL/min/1.73 m^2)	93.32 ± 6.12	90.17 ± 4.78	0.689

TABLE 3.  Compare of the distribution of the frequencies of TGF-β1 genotype and alleles in PNS and control (n, %)

TGF-β1–509C/T	PNS (n = 98)	Controls (n = 128)	x^2	p-Value
Genotype
CC	35(35.9)	42(32.8)	2.164	0.266
CT	38(38.8)	63(49.2)
T T	25(25.3)	23(18)
Allele
C	108(55.1)	147(57.4)	1.213	0.178
T	88(44.9)	109(42.6)

TABLE 4.  Compare of the distribution of the frequencies of TGF-β1 genotype and alletes in the patients with mild TID and severe TID (n, %)

TGF-β1−509C/T	Mild TID (n = 62)	Sever TID (n = 36)	x^2	p-Value
Genotype
CC	34(54.8)	11(30.5)	1.119	0.023
CT	22(35.5)	16(44.4)
T T	6(9.7)	9(25.0)
Allele
C	90(72.6)	38(52.7)	2.109	0.034
T	34(27.4)	34(47.3)

TABLE 5.  A logistic regression analysis on risk factors of TID in PNS patients

Index	p-Value	OR	(95% CI)
Age	0.651	1.03	0.68–1.67
Gender	0.492	1.12	0.73–1.97
Smoking	0.115	1.21	0.78–2.94
Drinking	0.213	0.98	0.64–2.11
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	0.314	0.78	0.56–3.23
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	0.298	0.65	0.48–2.19
Proteinuria (g/24 h)	0.067	1.03	0.89–3.23
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)	0.004	3.14	2.13–6.78
Genotype CC	0.012	2.34	0.98–3.46
CT + T T

FIGURE 2. Serum concentration of TGF-β1 in normal controls and patients with mild and severe TID.

*p < 0.05 vs. normal control; **p < 0.05 vs. normal control and mild TID.

FIGURE 3. Serum concentration of TGF-β1 in different TGF-β1 genotype group of PNS patients.

*p < 0.05 vs. CC genotype.