Predictive markers of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in end-stage renal disease patients

Figures & data

TABLE 1.  The characteristics of the study population

	CKD stage 5 patients		Control group (n = 17)	p	p**
	HD group (n = 25)	CAPD group (n = 27)
Age (year)	53.26 ± 8.18	49.29 ± 11.75	49.35 ± 7.47	0.44	0.27
Gender (F/M)	10/15	16/11	10/7	0.16	0.31
Primary disease
Hypertension	5	7	NA	0.57	NA
Diabetes mellitus	7	6
Glomerulonephritis	2	0
Unknown	4	8
Others	7	6
Duration of dialysis (mo)	50.32 ± 24.73	49.22 ± 48.47	NA	0.33	NA
Baseline laboratory values
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	11.35 ± 1.45	10.96 ± 1.49	NA	0.32	NA
Albumin (g/dL)	3.92 ± 0.49	3.89 ± 0.48	NA	0.45	NA
Calcium (mg/dL)	8.55 ± 0.96	9.01 ± 0.86	NA	0.08	NA
Inorganic phosphate (mg/dL)	4.61 ± 1.43	5.17 ± 1.45	NA	0.13	NA
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	163 ± 39	181.29 ± 38.37	NA	0.18	NA
HDL (mg/dL)	41.52 ± 10.97	45.29 ± 9.59	NA	0.10	NA
LDL (mg/dL)	88.68 ± 33.49	102.29 ± 27.75	NA	0.12	NA
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	170.88 ± 101.72	162.29 ± 82.69	NA	0.83	NA
Uric acid (mg/dL)	6.56 ± 1.25	5.42 ± 1.03	NA	0.001	NA
Hs-CRP (mg/dL)	0.89 ± 1.06	1.14 ± 1.1	NA	0.23	NA
Fasting plasma Glucose (mg/dL)	109.32 ± 35.97	115.18 ± 37.90	NA	0.52	NA

Notes: *p for HD vs. CAPD;

**p for patient group vs. control.

Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; HD, hemodialysis; CAPD, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; CIMT, carotid intima–media thickness; F, female; M, male; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; NA, not available.

TABLE 2.  The comparison of CA–IMT and markers of myocardial injury between the groups

	CKD stage 5 patients		Control group (n = 17)	p	p**
	HD group (n = 25)	CAPD group (n = 27)
Myoglobin (ng/mL)	175.2 ± 100.83	170.55 ± 102.26	10.64 ± 4.91	0.74	0.0001
CK-MB (ng/mL)	2.96 ± 2.18	2.42 ± 1.98	0.93 ± 0.35	0.19	0.003
cTnI (ng/mL)	0.54 ± 0.84	0.44 ± 0.73	0.34 ± 0.52	0.97	0.70
CA–IMT (mm)	1.13 ± 0.49	1.00 ± 0.33	0.68 ± 0.18	0.51	0.001

Notes: *p for HD vs. CAPD;

**p for patient group vs. control.

Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; HD, hemodialysis; CAPD, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; CIMT, carotid intima–media thickness; CK-MB, creatinine kinase-MB; cTnI, troponin I.

TABLE 3.  Factors associated with the degree of CA–IMT

	Coefficient (r)	p-Value
Age (year)	0.08	0.48
Duration of dialysis (mo)	0.28	0.07
Baseline laboratory values
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	−0.11	0.35
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.34	0.003
Uric acid (mg/dL)	0.43	0.003
Albumin (g/dL)	−0.28	0.01
Calcium (mg/dL)	0.05	0.70
Inorganic phosphate (mg/dL)	0.18	0.07
Fasting serum glucose (mg/dL)	0.04	0.77
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.18	0.17
LDL (mg/dL)	0.19	0.17
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	0.18	0.19
Hs-CRP (mg/dL)	0.30	0.03
Predictors of myocardial injury
Myoglobin (ng/mL)	0.09	0.51
CK-MB (ng/mL)	0.11	0.40
cTnI (ng/mL)	0.35	0.003

Abbreviations: LDL, low-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; CK-MB, creatinine kinase-MB; cTnI, troponin I.