Glucose Concentration in the Dialysate does not Contribute to Lipid Profiles in Patients Undergoing CAPD

Figures & data

Table 1. Nutritional status and renal function parameters of ESRD patients

	NT (n = 64)	HD (n = 62)	CAPD (n = 180)	P (NT vs. HD)	P (NT vs. CAPD)	P (HD vs. CAPD)
Age (years)	50.30 ± 15.99	53.32 ± 13.01	51.70 ± 16.70	0.246	0.552	0.434
Body height (m)	1.64 ± 0.08	1.62 ± 0.08	1.63 ± 0.08	0.334	0.470	0.636
Body weight (kg)	60.47 ± 11.75	55.01 ± 11.25	59.08 ± 10.07	0.009**	0.402	0.015
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.46 ± 3.54	20.98 ± 3.67	22.20 ± 3.16	0.030	0.598	0.033
Male (%)	62.50	53.23	55.00	0.296	0.296	0.811
Proportion of diabetics (%)	26.60	11.29	20.56	0.014	0.392	0.020
Hemoglobin (g/L)	79.77 ± 20.36	106.02 ± 29.88	108.33 ± 23.00	0.000**	0.000**	0.590
Serum albumin (g/L)	36.34 ± 6.32	41.64 ± 5.76	37.58 ± 6.20	0.000**	0.174	0.000**
Serum urea (mmol/L)	27.93 ± 9.90	16.30 ± 11.82	17.75 ± 5.90	0.000**	0.000**	0.391
Serum creatinine (µmol/L)	856.78 ± 322.52	572.29 ± 466.98	870.34 ± 336.50	0.000**	0.777	0.000**
Dialysis age (months)	–	80.71 ± 63.76	18.64 ± 19.25	–	–	0.000**
Urine volume (mL)	1326.09 ± 585.45	178.30 ± 299.28	517.83 ± 487.45	0.000**	0.000**	0.000**
eGFR (mL/min)	7.99 ± 3.20	–	2.30 ± 2.68	–	0.000**	–

Notes: ESRD, end-stage renal disease; NT, ESRD patients on non-dialytic treatment; HD, hemodialysis patients; CAPD, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

* and ** denote p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively.

Table 2. Lipid profiles among the three groups of ESRD patients

	Healthy person (n = 50)	NT (n = 64)	HD (n = 62)	CAPD (n = 180)	P (NT vs. HD)	P (NT vs. CAPD)	P (HD vs. CAPD)
TCHOL (mmol/L)	4.94 ± 0.25	4.64 ± 2.15	4.66 ± 1.89	5.26 ± 1.58	0.956	0.032	0.003**
TG (mmol/L)	1.29 ± 0.51	1.45 ± 0.53	1.69 ± 0.90	1.91 ± 1.00	0.253	0.011	0.371
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.41 ± 0.13	1.03 ± 0.13	1.24 ± 0.15	1.28 ± 0.16	0.003**	0.000**	0.419
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.02 ± 0.25	3.04 ± 1.86	2.75 ± 1.25	3.26 ± 1.01	0.290	0.369	0.002**
Apo-A1 (mmol/L)	1.33 ± 0.06	1.28 ± 0.11	1.20 ± 0.16	1.43 ± 0.15	0.210	0.003**	0.000**
Apo-B (mmol/L)	0.79 ± 0.01	0.88 ± 0.14	0.86 ± 0.08	0.96 ± 0.05	0.812	0.098	0.018
Apo-A1/apo-B	1.73 ± 0.22	1.60 ± 0.32	1.56 ± 0.44	1.73 ± 0.33	0.692	0.153	0.092
Apo-E (mmol/L)	40.20 ± 0.00	41.05 ± 19.32	50.03 ± 25.80	53.49 ± 18.40	0.035	0.000**	0.362
LP(a)	–	488.75 ± 652.60	282.16 ± 239.00	421.93 ± 312.00	0.025	0.440	0.004**

Notes: ESRD, end-stage renal disease; NT, ESRD patients on non-dialytic treatment; HD, hemodialysis patients; CAPD, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients; TCHOL, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein; Apo-A1, apolipoprotein-A1; Apo-B, apolipoprotein-B; Apo-A1/Apo-B, apolipoprotein-A1/apolipoprotein-B; Apo-E, apolipoprotein-E; LP(a), lipoprotein(a); –, no data.

* and ** denote p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively.

Table 3. Percentage of hyperlipidemia among the three groups of patients

	NT (n = 64)	HD (n = 62)	CAPD (n = 180)
Normal lipid	23.44 (15)	33.87 (21)	27.78 (50)
Hyperlipoidemia	76.56 (49)	66.13 (41)	72.22 (130)

Notes: Chi-square criterion indicated that the percentage of three groups of hyperlipoidemia patients was not statistically significant, χ ² = 1.72, p = 0.423. Values in parenthesis denote the number of patients. ESRD, end-stage renal disease; NT, ESRD patients on non-dialytic treatment; HD, hemodialysis patients; CAPD, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

Table 4. Association between blood lipid profiles of CAPD patients and physiological and biochemical parameters, and the glucose concentration of the dialysate

Independent variables	Mean ± SD	Correlation coefficient (r) between blood lipid and independent variables
		TC	TG	HDL-C	LDL-C	Apo-A1	Apo-B	Apo-E	PL(a)
Primary renal disease code^a	1.91 ± 1.76	0.088	0.192	–0.096	–0.011	–0.010	0.169	0.084	–0.047
Body weight (kg)	59.08 ± 10.07	–0.145	0.002	–0.288**	–0.086	–0.144	–0.140	–0.129	–0.048
BMI(kg/m^2)	22.20 ± 3.16	–0.025	0.121	–0.239**	–0.063	–0.078	–0.041	0.045	–0.031
SGA score	6.23 ± 0.77	–0.152	0.068	–0.09	–0.115	0.066	–0.163	–0.065	0.051
Improvement SGA score	9.36 ± 2.72	0.069	0.137	–0.138	–0.062	–0.171	0.044	0.181	–0.127
ECOG activity index	0.39 ± 0.68	0.129	0.184	–0.030	0.141	0.161	0.202	0.110	0.090
Karnofsky score	90.47 ± 12.37	–0.213	–0.123	0.046	–0.122	–0.121	–0.245	–0.245	–0.063
Hb (g/L)	108.33 ± 23.65	0.103	0.045	0.152	0.122	0.245**	0.027	–0.088	0.041
Serum glucose (mmol/L)	5.55 ± 2.63	0.185	0.278**	–0.224**	0.089	–0.048	0.213**	–0.190	–0.128
Serum albumin (g/L)	37.58 ± 5.99	–0.053	0.056	–0.036	0.005	0.172	–0.092	–0.091	–0.011
Serum urea (mmol/L)	17.75 ± 5.65	–0.095	–0.127	–0.009	–0.003	0.036	–0.125	–0.279**	0.095
Serum creatinine (µmol/L)	870.34 ± 343.86	–0.188	–0.102	–0.126	–0.080	–0.147	–0.153	–0.193	0.045
PET code^b	2.73 ± 0.68	–0.027	–0.113	0.150	–0.006	0.119	–0.061	–0.014	0.004
1.5% dextrose dialysate (L/24 h)	6.31 ± 2.03	–0.076	–0.075	0.138	–0.013	0.151	–0.125	–0.064	0.167
2.5% dextrose dialysate (L/24 h)	1.66 ± 1.96	0.010	0.109	–0.207**	–0.015	–0.188	0.067	0.063	0.181
4.25% dextrose dialysate (L/24 h)	0.04 ± 0.36	0.104	–0.017	–0.028	0.149	–0.020	0.125	–0.070	–0.007
24-h mixing dialysate glucose (mmol/L)	31.84 ± 10.75	–0.037	0.159	–0.166	–0.006	0.025	–0.010	0.008	–0.195
Amount of glucose absorbed in 24 h from dialysate (mmol)	471.93 ± 148.50	0.053	0.021	–0.048	0.025	–0.133	0.079	–0.019	–0.033
24-h mixing dialysate albumin (mg/L)	408.38 ± 161.77	0.050	–0.103	0.036	0.118	0.042	0.048	–0.023	0.055
Concentration of urinary albumin (mg/L)	1056.24 ± 2997.81	0.267	0.047	–0.016	0.302**	0.037	0.288**	0.072	–0.113
Urinary albumin excretion (mg/24 h)	409.11 ± 1064.46	0.270	0.027	–0.006	0.305**	0.052	0.272**	0.083	–0.109
Urine volume (mL/24 h)	517.83 ± 487.45	0.057	0.029	0.043	0.042	0.080	–0.063	0.026	0.016
RRF (mL/min)	2.30 ± 2.68	0.097	0.023	0.028	0.070	0.054	0.048	0.100	–0.026
NPCR (g/kg/day)	0.90 ± 0.23	–0.036	–0.103	0.203**	–0.011	0.142	–0.089	–0.163	0.105
Fluid removed (L/24 h)	1.08 ± 0.48	0.037	0.051	0.012	0.019	0.023	0.030	0.022	–0.029
Kt/V	2.13 ± 0.57	0.144	0.114	0.130	0.047	0.165	0.102	0.226	–0.003
Ccl (L/week/1.73 m^2 body surface area)	71.91 ± 28.11	0.131	0.079	0.097	0.046	0.120	0.072	0.170	–0.020

Notes: NPCR, normalized protein catabolic rate, [g/(kg × 24-h)]; SGA, subjective global assessment; TCHOL, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein; Apo-A1, apolipoprotein-A1; Apo-B, apolipoprotein-B; Apo-A1/Apo-B, apolipoprotein-A1/apolipoprotein-B; Apo-E, apolipoprotein-E; LP(a), lipoprotein(a).

^aPrimary renal disease code – renal disease diagnosis was categorized into following codes: chronic glomerulonephritis (code 1), diabetic nephropathy (code 2), renal arteriosclerosis (code 3), gouty nephropathy (code 4), lupus nephritis (code 5), polycystic kidney (code 6), obstructive nephropathy (code 7), medicine kidney lesion (code 8), chronic renal insufficiency (code 9), acute renal failure (code 10), and renal arteriosclerosis and diabetes mellitus (code 11).

^bPET code – low transport type of peritoneum (code 1), low-average transport type of peritoneum (code 2), high-average transport type of peritoneum (code 3), and high transport type of peritoneum (code 4).

* and ** denote p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively.