The Relationship between Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis in Renal Transplant and End-Stage Renal Disease Patients

Figures & data

Table 1. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of the healthy subjects and Rtx, HD, and PD patients.

Parameters	Healthy subjects (n = 19) (mean ± SD)	Rtx patients (n = 18) (mean ± SD)	HD patients (n = 14) (mean ± SD)	PD patients (n = 16) (mean ± SD)	p^a
Age (years)	36.9 ± 8.9	40.0 ± 13.3	46.6 ± 10.7	40.2 ± 12.9	0.09
Female (n)	9	10	8	7	0.48
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.8 ± 3.5	24.7 ± 4.8	25.6 ± 3.6	25.6 ± 4.8	0.28
SBP (mm Hg)	113 ± 10	133 ± 21	145 ± 24	139 ± 22	<0.0001
DBP (mm Hg)	73 ± 11	84 ± 13	92 ± 12	88 ± 10	0.001
Glucose (mg/dL)	92 ± 8	111 ± 43	129 ± 59	109 ± 51	0.04
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.7 ± 0.2	1.49 ± 0.6	5.4 ± 3.0	7.6 ± 2.8	<0.0001
Albumin (g/dL)	4.4 ± 0.2	4.3 ± 0.3	3.6 ± 0.4	3.7 ± 0.4	0.02
Uric acid (mg/dL)	3.9 ± 0.7	5,8 ± 1.4	5.0 ± 1.7	5.7 ± 1.2	<0.0001
ALT (IU/L)	21 ± 17	20 ± 9	24 ± 20	29 ± 36	0.18
LDL-C (mg/dL)	124 ± 27	113 ± 25	122 ± 35	113 ± 36	0.38
TG (mg/dL)	104 ± 37	195 ± 90	219 ± 121	153 ± 66	0.001
Calcium (mg/dL)	8.8 ± 0.6	9.6 ± 0.9	8.8 ± 0.7	8.6 ± 0.9	0.0001
P (mg/dL)	3.0 ± 0.4	3.0 ± 0.9	4.3 ± 1.0	4.3 ± 1.2	0.68
eGFR (mL/min)	121 ± 28	56 ± 27	15 ± 12	9.8 ± 6.3	<0.0001
Spot urine protein/creatinine ratio (g/mg)	0.09 ± 0.09	0.4 ± 0.5	1.6 ± 1.98 (n = 6)	1.0 ± 1.2 (n = 13)	<0.0001
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	13.9 ± 0.9	13.7 ± 1.9	10.9 ± 1.6	11.5 ± 1.3	0.70
Neutrophil (mm^3)	3223 ± 720	5797 ± 2312	3830 ± 1508	5067 ± 1611	<0.0001
Lymphocyte (mm^3)	2409 ± 742	1967 ± 609	1777 ± 794	1715 ± 654	0.29
NLR	1.3 ± 0.3	3.2 ± 1.5	2.4 ± 1.0	3.3 ± 1.4	<0.0001
hs-CRP (mg/dL)	3.0 ± 1.0	11.8 ± 8.3	9.4 ± 6.3	14.9 ± 15.8	<0.0001
PTX-3 (ng/mL)	2.4 ± 0.6	5.3 ± 1.4	6.9 ± 2.8	5.5 ± 1.8	<0.0001
IMA (ABSU)	0.27 ± 0.06	0.33 ± 0.08	0.48 ± 0.19	0.46 ± 0.16	<0.0001
CIMT (mm)	0.4 ± 0.08	0.7 ± 0.3	0.99 ± 0.2	0.98 ± 0.16	<0.0001

Notes: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ALT, alanine amino transferase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; PTH, parathyroid hormone; IMA, ischemic-modified albumin; PTX-3, pentraxin-3; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; CIMT, carotid intima–media thickness; TG, triglyceride; P, phosphorus; Rtx, renal transplant; PD, peritoneal dialysis; HD, hemodialysis.

^ap-Value between four groups.

Figure 1. NLR values of healthy subjects and Rtx, PD, and HD patients. NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; Rtx, renal transplant; PD, peritoneal dialysis; HD, hemodialysis.

Figure 2. CIMT of healthy subjects and Rtx, PD, and HD patients. CIMT, carotid intima–media thickness; Rtx, renal transplant; PD, peritoneal dialysis; HD, hemodialysis.

Figure 3. PTX-3 values of healthy subjects and Rtx, PD, and HD patients. PTX-3, pentraxin-3; Rtx, renal transplant; PD, peritoneal dialysis; HD, hemodialysis.

Figure 4. IMA values of healthy subjects and Rtx, PD, and HD patients. IMA, ischemia-modified albumin; Rtx, renal transplant; PD, peritoneal dialysis; HD, hemodialysis.

Table 2. Univariate correlations of IMA, CIMT, and PTX-3 with continuous variables.

	IMA		CIMT		PTX-3
Parameter	r	p	r	p	r	p
CIMT	0.499	<0.0001	–	–	0.406	0.001
PTX-3	0.485	<0.0001	0.406	0.001	–	–
NLR	0.304	0.013	0.367	0.003	0.496	<0.0001
eGFR	−0.541	<0.0001	−0.668	<0.0001	−0.630	<0.0001
BMI	−0.151	0.224	0.168	0.177	−0.322	0.008
Creatinine	0.544	<0.0001	0.649	<0.0001	0.613	<0.0001
Uric acid	0.280	0.022	0.432	<0.0001	0.410	<0.0001
P	0.296	0.018	0.482	<0.0001	0.296	0.019
hs-CRP	0.338	0.005	0.465	<0.0001	0.611	<0.0001
TG	0.252	0.043	0.366	0.003	0.284	0.022
Albumin	−0.519	<0.0001	−0.505	<0.0001	−0.548	<0.0001
Spot urine PCR	0.494	<0.0001	0.487	<0.0001	0.646	<0.0001

Notes: CIMT, carotid intima–media thickness; PTX-3, pentraxin-3; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMI, body mass index; hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; PCR, protein-to-creatinine ratio; TG, triglyceride; P, phosphorus; IMA, ischemic-modified albumin.