Acute kidney injury in peripheral arterial surgery patients: a cohort study

Figures & data

Table 1. Studied group main characteristics.

Parameter	Entire group (n = 166)	Without AKI (n = 145)	AKI present (n = 21)	p (AKI vs. without AKI)
Age (years)	63.2 ± 10.8	63.5 ± 10.9	61.5 ± 9.3	0.45
Males (%)	71.6	71.7	71.4	0.98
Current smokers (%)	63.3	64.1	57.1	0.53
Obese (%)	15.1	15.9	9.5	0.45
eGFR before surgery (mL/min/1.73m^2)	75.7 ± 27.5	76.5 ± 26.9	70.1 ± 31.8	0.32
eGFR before discharge (mL/min/1.73m^2)	75.8 ± 38.1	82.6 ± 28.7	67.8 ± 46.4	0.21
SBP (mmHg)	133.9 ± 16.5	132.9 ± 16.6	140.7 ± 14.3	0.043*
DBP (mmHg)	74.4 ± 8.7	74.3 ± 8.9	75.5 ± 7.2	0.55
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)	139.7 ± 63.5	138 ± 62.6	150.8 ± 69.9	0.39
CKD (%)	8.43	6.2	23.8	0.005*
Type 2 Diabetes (%)	36.7	33.1	61.9	0.011*
Hypertension (%)	72.9	73.8	66.7	0.49
Dyslipidemia (%)	34.9	35.2	33.3	0.87
Coronary artery disease (%)	47	48.3	38.1	0.38
History of stroke (%)	9	8.3	14.3	0.37
Use of ACEI/ARB (%)	42.2	41.4	47.6	0.7
Use of CCB (%)	30.1	29.7	33.3	0.73
Use of statins (%)	81.3	82.1	76.2	0.52

*Differences are significant.

Data are presented as mean ± SD respectively percentages.

p was assessed with student t-test (means)or chi-square test (percentages). Continuous variables distributions were tested for normality using D’Agostino-Pearson test and for equality of variances with Levene’s test.

BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; AKI, acute kidney injury; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blockers.

Table 2. Differences between main outcomes and risk factors in the two groups (patients with and without AKI).

	AKI group (n = 21)	Without AKI (n = 145)	OR [95% CI]	p
Decease at 1 year (n = 9)	33.3%	1.3%	35.7 [6.7 to 189]	<0.001
CVE at 1 year (n = 11)	38.1%	2.1%	29.1 [6.9 to 123.4]	<0.001

OR, odds ratio; p was assessed using chi-square test.

CVE, cardiovascular events.