Adiponectin gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis

Figures & data

Figure 1. Search flow diagram for studies included in the meta analysis.

Table 1. Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.

						Cases		Controls
Polymorphisms	Name and Year	Ethnicity	Design	Type	Genotyping	N	MAF	N	MAF
−11391G > A	Jaziri (2010)	Caucasian	Pros.	T2DM	TaqMan	115	0.14	3975	0.09
	Zhang (2009)	Caucasian	Pros.	T1DM	DASH	578	0.11	599	0.10
	Vionnet (2006a)	Caucasian	Retros.	T1DM	TaqMan	489	0.09	463	0.07
	Vionnet (2006b)	Caucasian	Retros.	T1DM	TaqMan	387	0.03	469	0.03
	Vionnet (2006c)	Caucasian	Retros.	T1DM	TaqMan	300	0.10	391	0.07
	Blech (2011)	Caucasian	Retros.	T2DM or T1DM	NA	852	0.12	1483	0.11
	Ranjbar (2011)	Caucasian	Retros.	T2DM	PCR-RFLP	28	0.07	205	0.03
−11377C > G	Wu (2009)	Asian	Retros.	T2DM	TaqMan	216	0.22	178	0.28
	Zhang (2009)	Caucasian	Pros.	T1DM	DASH	578	0.26	599	0.24
	Vionnet (2006a)	Caucasian	Retros.	T1DM	Ampli-Fluor	489	0.24	463	0.26
	Vionnet (2006b)	Caucasian	Retros.	T1DM	Ampli-Fluor	387	0.33	469	0.34
	Vionnet (2006c)	Caucasian	Retros.	T1DM	Ampli-Fluor	300	0.23	391	0.26
	Blech (2011)	Caucasian	Retros.	T2DM or T1DM	NA	852	0.25	1483	0.25
	Min (2011)	Asian	Retros.	T2DM	PCR-RFLP	50	0.24	58	0.30
	Lin (2010)	Asian	Retros.	T2DM	PCR-RFLP	202	0.21	201	0.19
+45T > G	Choe (2013)	Asian	Pros.	T2DM	SNaPShot	245	0.30	448	0.29
	Jaziri (2010)	Caucasian	Pros.	T2DM	PCR-MB	115	0.19	3975	0.14
	Vionnet (2006a)	Caucasian	Retros.	T1DM	Ampli-Fluor	489	0.10	463	0.10
	Vionnet (2006b)	Caucasian	Retros.	T1DM	Ampli-Fluor	387	0.05	469	0.06
	Vionnet (2006c)	Caucasian	Retros.	T1DM	Ampli-Fluor	300	0.14	391	0.12
	Ma (2007)	Caucasian	Retros.	T1DM	PCR-DASH	196	0.04	236	0.05
	Blech (2011)	Caucasian	Retros.	T2DM or T1DM	NA	852	0.21	1483	0.19
	Ranjbar (2011)	Caucasian	Retros.	T2DM	PCR-RFLP	28	0.14	205	0.17
	Peng (2012)	Asian	Retros.	T2DM	DS	42	0.24	40	0.30
+276G > T	Choe (2013)	Asian	Pros.	T2DM	SNaPShot	245	0.29	448	0.30
	Jaziri (2010)	Caucasian	Pros.	T2DM	TaqMan	115	0.31	3975	0.28
	Vionnet (2006a)	Caucasian	Retros.	T1DM	TaqMan	489	0.31	463	0.28
	Vionnet (2006b)	Caucasian	Retros.	T1DM	TaqMan	387	0.29	469	0.32
	Vionnet (2006c)	Caucasian	Retros.	T1DM	TaqMan	300	0.28	391	0.24
	Ma (2007)	Caucasian	Retros.	T1DM	PCR-DASH	196	0.21	236	0.18
	Yoshioka (2004)	Asian	Retros.	T2DM	FAS-PCR	108	0.29	208	0.31
	Blech (2011)	Caucasian	Retros.	T2DM or T1DM	NA	852	0.32	1483	0.31
	Guo (2008)	Asian	Retros.	T2DM	PCR-RFLP	78	0.22	108	0.21
	Peng (2012)	Asian	Retros.	T2DM	DS	42	0.35	40	0.29

Notes: Cases, individuals with diabetic nephropathy (DN); controls, diabetic individuals without DN; N, total number of cases or controls; MAF, minor allele frequency; Pros., prospective design; Retros., retrospective design; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; T1DM, type1 diabetes mellitus; DASH, dynamic allele-specific hybridisation; NA, not available; PCR-RFLP, polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism; MB, molecular beacon; DS, direct sequencing; FAS, afluorescent allele-specific.

Figure 2. Forest plot for meta-analysis association between the ADIPOQ polymorphisms with DN risk (allele model). (a) −11391G > A, (b) −11377C > G, (c) +45T > G, (d) +276G > T.

Table 2. MAF among controls stratified by ethnicity.

Variables	Allele (major/minor)	MAF of Asians (%)	MAF of Caucasians (%)	p^a
−11377	C > G	25.7 (95% CI = 11.1–40.2)	27.0 (95% CI = 22.0–32.0)	0.711
+45	T > G	29.5 (95% CI = 23.1–35.9)	11.9 (95% CI = 7.0–16.7)	0.003
+276	G > T	27.8 (95% CI = 20.5–35.0)	26.8 (95% CI = 21.4–32.2)	0.781

Note: ^aStudent’s t test for MAF between Asians and Caucasians.

Table 3. Stratified analyses of the ADIPOQ polymorphisms on DN risk.

			Odds ratio		Heterogeneity
	Subgroup by ethnicity	Studies (no. of cases/controls)	OR[95% CI]	POR	I2 (%)	PH
−11377C > G	Asians	3 (468/437)	0.852 [0.684–1.063]	0.156	39.5	0.192
(G versus C)	Caucasians	5 (2606/3405)	0.984 [0.905–1.069]	0.696	0.0	0.461
+45T > G	Asians	2 (287/488)	1.008 [0.802–1.266]	0.947	0.0	0.332
(G versus T)	Caucasians	7 (2367/7222)	1.122 [1.007–1.250]	0.038	0.0	0.442
+276G > T	Asians	4 (473/804)	0.978 [0.817–1.170]	0.806	0.0	0.798
(T versus G)	Caucasians	6 (2339/7017)	1.068 [0.983–1.159]	0.119	31.5	0.199

Notes: CI, confidence interval; P_H, the P value of heterogeneity test.

Figure 3. Sensitivity analyses. Horizontal line mean effect size (a) −11391G > A, (b) −11377C > G, (c) +45T > G, (d) +276G > T.

Figure 4. Funnel plot for assessing publication bias in this meta-analysis. (a) −11391G > A, (b) −11377C > G, (c) +45T > G, (d) +276G > T.

Tahrani AA, Bailey CJ, Del Prato S, Barnett AH. Management of type 2 diabetes: new and future developments in treatment. Lancet. 2011;378(9786):182–197

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