Association between transforming growth factor-β₁gene-509C/T polymorphism and susceptibility of IgA nephropathy: a meta-analysis

Figures & data

Figure1. Flow diagram of included/excluded studies.

Table 1. Characteristics of studies included in this meta-analysis.

				Source of	Genotyping	Sample size	Genotype distribution (Case/Control)					HWE
First author	Year	County	Ethnicity	controls	method	(Case/Control)	CC	CT	TT	C	T	Y/N (p)
Qin	2008	China	Asian	HB	PCR-RFLP	119/116	28/34	51/59	40/23	107/127	131/105	Y (0.776)
Li	2011	China	Asian	PB	PCR-RFLP	38/42	10/12	17/20	11/10	37/44	39/40	Y (0.768)
Xue	2005	China	Asian	PB	PCR-RFLP	387/202	136/66	183/98	68/38	455/230	319/174	Y (0.879)
Lim	2005	Korea	Asian	HB	PCR-RFLP	82/55	20/11	29/31	33/13	69/53	95/57	Y (0.339)
Mai	2009	Sweden	Caucasian	PB	PCR-RFLP	210/467	66/188	109/225	35/54	241/601	179/333	Y (0.279)
Sato	2004	Japan	Asian	PB	PCR-RFLP	329/297	89/76	174/157	66/64	352/309	306/285	Y (0.309)
Brigida	2009	Italy	Caucasian	HB	PCR-RFLP	105/200	27/51	55/95	23/54	109/197	101/203	Y (0.481)
Sun	2013	China	Asian	HB	PCR-RFLP	85/85	23/28	45/39	17/18	91/95	79/75	Y (0.554)

Notes: PB = population-based; HB = hospital-based; HWE = Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; Y = yes; N = no.

Table 2. Summary of different comparative results.

Category	Genetic model		OR (95% CI)	Z	p Value	I^2 %	Phet	Effect model
Overall	Dominant	CT+TT versus CC	1.09 [0.92–1.29]	1.02	0.306	0.0	0.490	F
	Recessive	TT versus CT+CC	1.14 [0.94–1.38]	1.36	0.173	44.6	0.081	F
	Additive	CC versus TT	0.87 [0.69–1.08]	1.25	0.211	29.2	0.195	F
	Allele	C versus T	0.92 [0.83–1.03]	1.45	0.148	35.0	0.149	F
Asians	Dominant	CT+TT versus CC	0.99 [0.81–1.22]	0.07	0.945	0.0	0.755	F
	Recessive	TT versus CT+CC	1.17 [0.95–1.43]	1.49	0.136	2.1	0.430	F
	Additive	CC versus TT	0.93 [0.71–1.21]	0.55	0.584	5.0	0.292	F
	Allele	C versus T	0.96 [0.84–1.09]	0.64	0.523	18.4	0.294	F
European	Dominant	CT+TT versus CC	1.31 [0.98–1.76]	1.84	0.066	31.9	0.226	F
	Recessive	TT versus CT+CC	1.10 [0.55–2.18]	0.26	0.792	72.4	0.057	R
	Additive	CC versus TT	0.80 [0.35-1.79]	0.55	0.581	73.0	0.054	R
	Allele	C versus T	0.89 [0.61–1.32]	0.56	0.574	72.7	0.056	R

Notes: P_het = p value for heterogeneity; OR = adds ratio; CI = confidence interval; F = fixed-effect model; R = random-effect model.

Figure 2. Forest plots of the susceptibility of IgA nephropathy associated with TGF-β₁-509C/T (TT+CT vs. CC).

Figure 3. Forest plots of the susceptibility of IgA nephropathy associated with TGF-β₁-509C/T (TT+CT vs. CC).

Figure 4. Forest plots of the susceptibility of IgA nephropathy associated with TGF-β₁-509C/T (CC vs. TT).

Figure 5. Forest plots of the susceptibility of IgA nephropathy associated with TGF-β₁-509C/T (C allele vs. T allele).

Figure 6. The results of sensitivity analysis from fixed-effects estimates.

Figure 7. Begg’s funnel plot for publication bias test (CT+TT vs. CC).