The prevalence of anxiety and depression among end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis in Saudi Arabia

Figures & data

Table 1. Distribution of frequency of demographic variables.

	Variables	Frequency (%)
Gender	Male	146 (58.2)
	Female	118 (41.8)
Age	<20 years	10 (3.5)
	20–40 years	78 (27.7)
	>40 years	194 (68.8)
Marital status	Single	47 (16.5)
	Married	212 (74.4)
	Divorced or separated	8 (2.8)
	Widower	18 (6.3)
Number of children	1–5	83 (29.2)
	Less than 5	132 (46.5)
	No children	69 (24.3)
Duration of renal failure	<1 year	30 (10.6)
	1–5 years	125 (44)
	>5 years	129 (45.4)
Work status	Yes	46 (16.3)
	No	160 (56.5)
	Retired	77 (27.7)
Financial problems	Yes	91 (32.2)
	No	192 (67.1)
Place of residence	City	234 (83.9)
	Village	45 (16.1)
Major family problems	Yes	62 (22)
	No	220 (78)
Family support	Yes	222 (79.6)
	No	57 (20.4)
Educational level	Unenlightened	94 (33.2)
	Secondary school or less	157 (54.4)
	Parchment	35 (12.4)
Anxiety or depression before	Yes	32 (11.3)
renal failure	No	251 (88.7)
Visited psychiatric clinic	Yes	24 (8.5)
	No	159 (91.5)
Takes anxiety or depression	Yes	20 (7)
medication	No	264 (93)
Takes other psychiatric	Yes	4 (1.4)
medication	No	277 (98.6)
Has chronic illness	Yes	181 (64)
	No	102 (36)

Table 2. Breakdown of HADS scores for both anxiety and depression subscales (%).

	Normal	Borderline abnormal	Abnormal
Anxiety	60.4	18.5	21.1
Depression	55.2	21.5	23.3

Table 3. Distribution of anxiety scores in accordance to demographic variables.

		Anxiety score
	Variables	Normal	Border line	Abnormal
Age	Less than 20 years	9	1	0
	20–40 years	54	9	12
	Above 40 years	99	39	44
Marital status	Single	34	6	7
	Married	116	43	41
	Divorced or Separated	4	0	3
	Widower	9	1	6
Work status	Yes	27	10	6
	No	94	21	38
	Retired	42	18	12
Financial problems	Yes	47	15	25
	No	116	34	31
Major family	Yes	26	16	20
problems	No	135	34	37
Family support	Yes	131	43	37
	No	28	6	20
Anxiety or depression	Yes	13	6	13
before ESRD	No	150	44	43
Duration of renal	Less than 1 year	16	5	8
failure	1–5 years	65	21	28
	More than five years	82	24	21

Table 4. Logistic regression results for the anxiety model (n = 253).

		95% CI
Variable	OR	Lower	Upper	Wald	df
Men versus women	1.51	0.85	2.67	2.01*	1
≤40 years versus >40 years	1.87	1	3.51	3.85**	1
Not married versus married	1.28	0.66	2.47	0.52	1
Not working versus working	1.2	0.54	2.66	0.21	1
No problems versus financial problems	1.45	0.82	2.58	1.64	1
No problems versus family problems	2.29	1.21	4.35	6.44	1
No support versus family support	1.18	0.6	2.32	0.24	1
No prior versus prior anxiety/depression	1.68	0.72	3.95	1.44	1
≤5 years renal versus >5 years renal	0.71	0.41	1.23	1.5	1

Notes: CI = confidence interval.

Reference group is the first in each pair. Overall model: χ²(9) = 22.55

*p = 0.050, **p = 0.011.

Table 5. Distribution of depression scores in accordance to demographic variables.

		Depression score
	Variables	Normal %	Border line %	Abnormal %
Gender	Male	84	40	29
	Female	62	18	34
Age	Less than 20 years	7	1	2
	20–40 years	50	17	8
	Above 40 years	90	39	53
Marital status	Single	31	8	5
	Married	108	47	45
	Divorced or separated	3	0	5
	Widower	7	3	8
Number of children	1–5	43	16	20
	More than five	59	33	33
	None	46	9	10
Work status	Yes	27	9	6
	No	90	28	35
	Retired	32	21	21
Financial problems	Yes	44	20	19
	No	104	38	43
Major family	Yes	22	10	24
problems	No	126	48	39
Family support	Yes	123	46	44
	No	24	9	19
Anxiety or depression	Yes	13	4	13
before ESRD	No	136	54	49
Duration of	Less than one year	16	6	8
renal failure	1–5 years	58	32	27
	More than five years	75	20	28

Table 6. Logistic regression results for the depression model (n = 255).

		95% CI
Variable	OR	Lower	Upper	Wald	df
Men vs. women	1.04	0.61	1.8	0.02*	1
≤40 years versus >40 years	1.92	1.06	3.5	4.6	1
Not married versus married	0.85	0.45	1.58	0.27	1
Not working versus working	0.78	0.36	1.71	0.38	1
No problems versus financial problems	1.03	0.59	1.81	0.01	1
No problems versus family problems	1.7	0.88	3.27	2.53	1
No support versus family support	1.46	0.76	2.81	1.26	1
No prior versus prior anxiety/depression	1.5	0.64	3.53	0.88	1
≤5 years versus >5 years renal	0.7	0.41	1.18	1.83	1

Notes: CI = confidence interval.

Reference group is the first in each pair. Overall model: χ²(9) = 14.82.

*p = 0.032.