Early markers of cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease

Figures & data

Table 1. Data are show as mean ± standard deviation, median (min–max) or number (%).

	Total population (n = 68)	eGFR 30–89 group (stages 2–3 KDOQI) (n = 50)	Control group (n = 18)	p-Value
Male n (%)	35 (51.5)	26 (52)	9 (50.0)	0.884
Age (year)	52.0 ± 15.2	53.6 ± 15.3	47.7 ± 14.3	0.161
Body weight (kg)	69.0 ± 11.6	70.4 ± 11.8	65.2 ± 10.9	0.101
Height (cm)	167.1 ± 8.7	168.0 ± 8.5	164.9 ± 9.2	0.227
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	24.5 ± 2.7	24.8 ± 2.4	23.9 ± 3.3	0.316
Hb (g/dL)	13.1 ± 1.0	12.7 ± 1.1	13.4 ± 1.2	0.028
Glycemia (mg/dL)	88.5 ± 5.3	88.6 ± 5.4	88.0 ± 5.4	0.677
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	0.96 ± 0.53	1.07 ± 0.57	0.63 ± 0.19	<0.001
BUN (mg/dL)	19.6 ± 9.8	21.3 ± 10.8	14.8 ± 2.9	<0.001
eGFR (mL/min)	85.3 ± 37.4	75.2 ± 33.7	130.6 ± 8.0	<0.001
Natrium (mEq/L)	137.9 ± 2.2	139.1 ± 2.1	139.3 ± 1.8	0.634
Potassium (mEq/L)	4.1 ± 0.7	4.1 ± 0.7	4.0 ± 0.5	0.547
Calcium (mg/dL)	9.4 ± 0.8	9.2 ± 0.3	9.4 ± 0.6	0.359
Phosphorus (mg/dL)	3.5 ± 5.0	3.5 ± 0.5	3.2 ± 0.4	0.117
Ca*P (mg/dL)	31.9 ± 5.7	33.6 ± 5.6	27.3 ± 2.4	<0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	188.5 ± 31.4	188.0 (132.0–226.0)	206.5 (101.0–240.0)	0.084
HDL (mg/dL)	47.8 ± 12.0	50.2 ± 11.8	44.8 ± 12.0	0.157
LDL (mg/dL)	120 (28–160)	110.5 (71.0–157.0)	124.5 (28.0–160.0)	0.064
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	133.5 (43.0–388.0)	122.0 (43.0–366.0)	159.0 (62.0–388.0)	0.146
Serum iron (µg/dL)	83.30 ± 32.1	91.0 (27.0–147.0)	68.5 (43.0–176.0)	0.265
Serum ferritin (ng/mL)	112.0 (4.0–940.0)	103.5 (4.0–309)	113 (32.0–940.0)	0.232
Serum transferrin (mg/dL)	237.5 ± 53.5	264.1 ± 46.2	204.9 ± 43.5	<0.001
Serum uric acid (mg/dL)	4.5 ± 1.0	4.7 ± 1.1	4.0 ± 0.6	0.022
CRP (mg/dL)	0.17 (0.01–3.41)	0.12 (0.01–1.20)	0.22 (0.04–3.41)	0.102
Fibrinogen (mg/dL)	349.1 ± 88.0	332.0 ± 80.2	368.5 ± 95.0	0.199
NT-pro BNP (pg/dL)	223.2 ± 152.1	264.2 ± 155.1	109.2 ± 56.3	<0.001
CIMT (mm)	1.4 ± 0.9	1.7 ± 0.9	0.7 ± 0.1	<0.001
FMD (+%)	16.4 ± 8.8	15.1 ± 9.1	19.9 ± 7.2	0.048
LVMI (g/m^2)	132.8 ± 24.3	139.9 ± 19.8	104.0 ± 22.0	<0.001
Homocysteine	12.4 ± 7.8	15.1 ± 9.1	9.2 ± 3.2	0.001
cTnT (ng/mL)	0.1 ± 0.03	0.4 ± 0.2	0.0 ± 0.05	<0.414

Notes: Hb, hemoglobin; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Ca*P, calcium phosphorus product; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; FMD, flow-mediated dilation; LVMI, left ventricular mass index.

Figure 1. Linear regression plot. LVMI (g/m²) versus eGFR (mL/min). Negative correlation was found between the two parameters (r = −0.489, p < 0.001).

Figure 2. Linear regression plot. LVMI (g/m²) versus NT-proBNP (pg/dL). Positive correlation was found between the two parameters (r = −0.491, p = 0.017).

Figure 3. Bar charts with error bars. NT-proBNP (pg/dL) was significantly greater in eGFR 30–89 group (stages 2–3 KDOQI) compared to the control group. Boxes represent means; error bars indicate standard deviation (264.2 ± 155.1 vs. 109.2 ± 56.3, p < 0.001).

Figure 4. Bar charts with error bars. IMT (+%) was significantly greater in eGFR 30–89 group (stages 2–3 KDOQI) compared to the control group (*p < 0.001, 1.7 ± 0.9 vs. 0.7 ± 0.1), FMD (mm) was significantly lower (**p = 0.048, 15.1 ± 9.1 vs. 19.9 ± 7.2). Boxes represent means; error bars indicate standard deviation.