Arsenic-mediated nephrotoxicity

Figures & data

Table 1. Summary of different outcomes related with arsenic exposure and renal disease.

Outcome
Increased mortality from kidney disease51^,52
High urinary total arsenic associated positively with CKD53
Adverse effects of As exposure on higher risk for proteinuria, and these effects are modifiable by changes in As exposure23^,54
Weak evidence that α1M urinary excretion increased with the U-As concentrations55
Increase β2-microglobulin urinary excretion in community exposed-population58

Notes: CKD: chronic kidney disease, α1M: α1-microglobulin.

Figure 1. Pathophysiology of arsenic-mediated nephrotoxicity. Mechanisms whereby arsenic exposure may lead to proximal tubular injury.

Figure 2. Renal biopsy done in a woman with arsenic poisoning and tubulointerstitial nephritis. Biopsy specimen showing a normal glomerulus, extensive interstitial fibrosis with tubular atrophy, and a cellular infiltrate consisting mainly of lymphocytes (Adapted from reference Prasad and Rossi).61

Table 2. Functional foods and prevention of arsenic nephrotoxicity.

Functional food	Mechanism of action
Selenium31	Protects oxidative stress
	Decreases As intestinal absorption
Resveratrol62	Attenuates As accumulation in tissues
	Decreases markers of oxidative stress
Naringenin63	Reduces oxidative damage to DNA
Silibinin64	Inhibition of superoxide production
	Prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis of endothelial cells
	Reduces proteinuria in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes
Pleurotus florida lectin65	Anti-apoptotic properties
Green tea extract66	Free radical scavenging activity
Curcuma aromatica67	Antioxidant activity
Taurine68	Reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines
	Anti-oxidative properties

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