Protective effect of theophylline on renal functions in experimental pneumoperitoneum model

Figures & data

Figure 1. Veress needle was placed into the peritoneal cavity.

Figure 2. Blood and tissue specimens were taken by laparotomy incision.

Figure 3. Minimal inflammation findings in kidney tissue of the pneumoperitoneum group (HE × 400).

Figure 4. Minimal inflammation findings in kidney tissue of the pneumoperitoneum + theophylline group (HE ×400).

Table 1. Comparison of inflammation in the histopathological examination of kidneys in both groups.

	Chronic inflammation
Groups	Absent—few	Middle level	Common	Total
Pneumoperitoneum
First half
n	6	5	1	12
%	50	42	8	100
Second half
n	6	5	1	12
%	50	42	8	100
Pneumoperitoneum + theophylline
First half
n	6	6	0	12
%	50	50	0	100
Second half
n	7	5	0	12
%	58	42		100

Table 2. Comparison of TASt, TOSt, OSIt, TASs, TOSs, OSIs, urea, creatine and cystatine-c level between the groups.

	Group 1	Group 2	p Value
TASt	0.22 ± 0.03	0.24 ± 0.01	0.27
TOSt	3.09 ± 0.55	3.21 ± 0.47	0.54
OSIt	1381.8 ± 266.8	1286 ± 213.5	0.18
TASs	1.44 ± 0.08	1.48 ± 0.07	0.20
TOSs	7.11 ± 0.91	7.3 ± 1.32	0.72
OSIs	493.84 ± 59.7	491.9 ± 85.9	0.72
Urea (mg/dl)	44.8 ± 5.6	47.8 ± 4.6	0.12
Creatine (mg/dl)	0.45 ± 0.03	0.5 ± 0.01	0.001*
Cystatine-c (µg/mL)	2.2 ± 0.3	1.74 ± 0.33	0.002*

TASt, Tissue Total Antioxidant Status; TOSt, Tissue Total Oxidant Status; OSIt, Tissue Oxidative Stress Index; TASs, Serum Total Antioxidant Status; TOSs, Serum Total Oxidant Status; OSIs, Serum Oxidative Stress Index.

*Statistically significant.