Investigating the reliability and validity of the Dutch versions of the illness management and recovery scales among clients with mental disorders

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the participants (N = 111).

Variables	n (%)
Psychiatric diagnosis (N)	111
Pervasive development disorder	21 (18.9)
Attention disorder	2 (1.8)
Personality disorder	13 (11.7)
Anxiety disorder	5 (4.5)
Mood disorder	8 (7.2)
Psychotic disorder	11 (9.9)
Mental retardation	1 (0.9)
Addiction	3 (2.7)
Axis II and Axis I combined	25 (22.5)
Multiple Axis I diagnoses	11 (9.9)
Other/Not specified	11 (9.9)
Gender	108
Male	55 (48.7)
Female	53 (46.9)
Education	101
Primary School	11 (10.9)
Lower Secondary	43 (42.6)
Upper Secondary	11 (10.9)
Post-secondary non-tertiary	22 (21.8)
Bachelor-Master or equivalent	14 (13.9)
Employment	103
Paid job	21 (20.4)
Volunteer	22 (21.4)
Education	4 (3.5)
Adult Day Care program	21 (18.6)
None	35 (34.0)
Income	102
Salary	22 (21.6)
Paid benefits	78 (76.5)
Scholarly benefits	2 (2.0)
Born in the Netherlands	105
Yes	98 (93.3)
No	7 (6.7)
Independent living	105
Yes	88 (83.8)
No	16 (15.2)

Table 2. Pearson correlations between the clients and clinician total IMRS and factors.

	Client IMRS-Total	Client IMRS-Management	Client IMRS-Recovery	Client IMRS-Substance	Clinician IMRS-Total	Clinician IMRS-Management	Clinician IMRS-Recovery	Clinician IMRS-Substance
Client IMRS-Total	(0.69)
Client IMRS-Management	0.74**	(0.77)
Client IMRS-Recovery	0.78**	0.35**	(0.53)
Client IMRS-Substance	0.33**	0.04	0.12	(0.57)
Clinician IMRS-Total	0.63**	0.51**	0.56**	0.11	(0.71)
Clinician IMRS-Management	0.61**	0.66**	0.46**	0.04	0.78**	(0.74)
Clinician IMRS-Recovery	0.45**	0.32**	0.51**	−0.07	0.80**	0.46**	(0.61)
Clinician IMRS-Substance	0.08	−0.10	0.09	0.37**	0.40**	0.15	0.10	(0.28)

**p < 0.01.

Diagonals between parentheses represent internal reliability coefficients.

Table 3. Pearson correlations between the UCL and the IMRS.

	UCL
	Active approach	Palliative reactions	Avoidance abide	Searching for social support	Passive coping	Expression of emotions	Reassuring comforting thoughts	UCL Total
Client IMRS−Total	0.39**	0.08	−0.37**	0.20*	−0.46**	−0.01	0.20*	−0.01
Client IMRS−Management	0.22*	−0.05	−0.37**	0.03	−0.66**	−0.06	0.18	−0.22*
Client IMRS−Recovery	0.33**	0.19	−0.18	0.28**	−0.17	0.12	0.12	0.17
Client IMRS−Substance	0.20*	0.04	−0.10	0.14	−0.16	−0.09	0.19	0.06
Clinician IMRS−Total	0.21*	0.04	−0.17	0.09	−0.19	−0.00	0.06	0.01
Clinician IMRS−Recovery	0.19	0.09	−0.11	0.11	−0.15	0.03	0.06	0.04
Clinician IMRS−Management	0.17	0.04	−0.17	0.07	−0.34**	0.02	0.02	−0.07
Clinician IMRS−Substance	−0.06	−0.14	0.02	0.07	0.12	−0.00	−0.07	−0.01

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.

Table 4. Pearson’s correlations between the DES and the IMRS.

	DES
	Professional support	Social support	Headstrong	Belonging	Self−management	Involved community	NEL Total
Client IMRS−Total	0.03	0.23*	0.06	0.52**	0.50**	0.37**	0.54**
Client IMRS−Management	−0.06	0.19	0.16	0.35**	0.49**	0.40**	0.50**
Client IMRS−Recovery	0.01	0.13	−0.01	0.39**	0.35**	0.23*	0.36**
Client IMRS−Substance	0.07	0.00	0.00	0.17	0.12	0.08	0.08
Clinician IMRS−Total	0.07	0.23*	0.03	0.23*	0.34**	0.35**	0.36**
Clinician IMRS−Management	0.03	0.15	0.14	0.18	0.36**	0.28**	0.33**
Clinician IMRS−Recovery	0.03	0.25*	−0.06	0.24*	0.30**	0.33**	0.33**
Clinician IMRS−Substance	0.17	0.03	−0.21	−0.07	−0.07	−0.01	−0.01

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.

Table 5. Pearson’s correlations between the BSI and the IMRS.

	BSI
	Positive Symptom Total	Positive Symptom Distress Index	Global Severity Index
Client IMRS-Total	0.51**	0.58**	0.58**
Client IMRS-Management	0.54**	0.57**	0.60**
Client IMRS-Recovery	0.28*	0.34**	0.33**
Client IMRS-Substance	0.16	0.29**	0.23*
Clinician IMRS-Total	0.29**	0.33**	0.38**
Clinician IMRS-Recovery	0.24*	0.29*	0.32*
Clinician IMRS-Management	0.37	0.35**	0.39**
Clinician IMRS-Substance	0.01	0.05	0.04

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.