Treatment alternatives of slaughterhouse wastes, and their effect on the inactivation of different pathogens: A review

Figures & data

Table 1.  Summary of inactivation of different pathogens by different treatments.

Pathogen	Inactivation by
	Pasteurization* (70°C)	Mesophilic AD (37°C)	Thermophilic AD (55°C)	Pre-asteurization and anaerobic digestion at 37°C **	Composting	Alkaline hydrolysis
Escherichia coli	++	+	+	(PI)	+	(PI)
Salmonella	++	+	++	(PI)	++	(PI)
Clostridium	–	–	–	(–)	–	(PI)
Brucella abortus	++	NI	(PI)	(PI)	NI	(PI)
Bacillus antracis	–	–	–	(–)	–	(PI)
Mycobacterium bovis	++	(+)	(PI)	(PI)	C	++
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae	++	+	++	(PI)	++	(PI)
BSE prion	–	–	–	(–)	–	++
Aphto virus	(PI)	NI	(+)	(PI)	C	(PI)
Rabies virus	++	NI	(PI)	(PI)	(PI)	(PI)
African Swine Fever Virus	++	NI	(PI)	(PI)	++	(PI)
Phlebo virus	(PI)	NI	NI	(PI)	(PI)	–
Cysticercus bovis	(PI)	++	++	(PI)	(PI)	(PI)

++, total inactivation; +, inactivation; –, survival; (PI), no information on process, but predicted inactivation of pathogen; (–), no information found, but predicted survival of pathogen; NI, no information found; C, contradictory information; *, Pasteurization for 60 min; **, Pre-pasteurization for 60 min at 70°C.