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Critical Reviews in Toxicology Volume 42, 2012 - Issue 9
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Review Article

Potential hazards associated with combustion of bio-derived versus petroleum-derived diesel fuel

Jürgen BüngerInstitute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, GermanyCorrespondence[email protected]
,
Jürgen KrahlCoburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Coburg, Germany
,
Olaf SchröderInstitute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
,
Lasse SchmidtInstitute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
&
Götz A. WestphalInstitute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
Pages 732-750 | Received 03 Nov 2011, Accepted 05 Jul 2012, Published online: 08 Aug 2012

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Scheme of biodiesel production by transesterification of triglycerides with methanol. Vegetable oils can be gained from different sources, e.g. rapeseed (canola), soybean, sun flower, palm fruit, coconut, animal fat.

Figure 1.  Scheme of biodiesel production by transesterification of triglycerides with methanol. Vegetable oils can be gained from different sources, e.g. rapeseed (canola), soybean, sun flower, palm fruit, coconut, animal fat.

Figure 2.  Comparison of the regulated exhaust constituents of biodiesel fuels (B100) in total and splitted by vegetable oil sources rapeseed methyl ester, RME), palm methyl ester (PME), and soybean methyl ester (SME) relative to DF (= 100%). Summarized are means and standard deviations from 104 engine test runs. Since biodiesel data mainly comprises RME emissions both charts are very similar. References: CitationAakko et al. (2000); CitationBouche et al. (2000); CitationFontaras et al. (2009, Citation2010a); CitationGraboski et al. (1996); CitationHasegawa et al. (2007); CitationKawano et al. (2008); CitationKegl (2008); CitationKnothe et al. (2006); CitationKousoulidou et al. (2009); CitationKrahl et al. (2005, Citation2007a,Citationb,Citationc, Citation2008); CitationMay et al. (1997); CitationMcCormick et al. (2005); CitationMunack et al. (2003, Citation2007); CitationNigro et al. (2007); CitationPeterson et al. (2000); CitationRuschel et al. (2005); CitationSchäfer (1996); CitationSchumacher et al. (1996); CitationSharp (1996, Citation2000, Citation2005); CitationWirawan et al. (2008).

Figure 2.  Comparison of the regulated exhaust constituents of biodiesel fuels (B100) in total and splitted by vegetable oil sources rapeseed methyl ester, RME), palm methyl ester (PME), and soybean methyl ester (SME) relative to DF (= 100%). Summarized are means and standard deviations from 104 engine test runs. Since biodiesel data mainly comprises RME emissions both charts are very similar. References: CitationAakko et al. (2000); CitationBouche et al. (2000); CitationFontaras et al. (2009, Citation2010a); CitationGraboski et al. (1996); CitationHasegawa et al. (2007); CitationKawano et al. (2008); CitationKegl (2008); CitationKnothe et al. (2006); CitationKousoulidou et al. (2009); CitationKrahl et al. (2005, Citation2007a,Citationb,Citationc, Citation2008); CitationMay et al. (1997); CitationMcCormick et al. (2005); CitationMunack et al. (2003, Citation2007); CitationNigro et al. (2007); CitationPeterson et al. (2000); CitationRuschel et al. (2005); CitationSchäfer (1996); CitationSchumacher et al. (1996); CitationSharp (1996, Citation2000, Citation2005); CitationWirawan et al. (2008).

Figure 3.  Regulated emissions of various biodiesel blends vs. DF (= 100%). Summarized are means and standard deviations of 245 engine test runs. References: CitationAakko et al. (2000); CitationAlam et al. (2004); CitationArapaki et al. (2007); CitationClark et al. (1999, Citation2010); CitationFrank et al. (2004); CitationHasegawa et al. (2007); CitationKaravalakis et al. (2007, Citation2010a); CitationKawano et al. (2008); CitationKim and Choi (2010); CitationKrahl et al. (2008); CitationLance and Andersson (2003); CitationLuján et al. (2006); CitationMcCormick et al. (2005); CitationMoser et al. (2009); CitationMunack et al. (2007); CitationNigro et al. (2007); CitationPeterson et al. (2000); CitationSchäfer (1996); CitationSharp et al. (2000); CitationSze et al. (2007); CitationThompson et al. (2004); CitationTurrio-Baldassarri et al. (2004); CitationWang et al. (2000); CitationWirawan et al. (2008); CitationYoshida et al. (2008).

Figure 3.  Regulated emissions of various biodiesel blends vs. DF (= 100%). Summarized are means and standard deviations of 245 engine test runs. References: CitationAakko et al. (2000); CitationAlam et al. (2004); CitationArapaki et al. (2007); CitationClark et al. (1999, Citation2010); CitationFrank et al. (2004); CitationHasegawa et al. (2007); CitationKaravalakis et al. (2007, Citation2010a); CitationKawano et al. (2008); CitationKim and Choi (2010); CitationKrahl et al. (2008); CitationLance and Andersson (2003); CitationLuján et al. (2006); CitationMcCormick et al. (2005); CitationMoser et al. (2009); CitationMunack et al. (2007); CitationNigro et al. (2007); CitationPeterson et al. (2000); CitationSchäfer (1996); CitationSharp et al. (2000); CitationSze et al. (2007); CitationThompson et al. (2004); CitationTurrio-Baldassarri et al. (2004); CitationWang et al. (2000); CitationWirawan et al. (2008); CitationYoshida et al. (2008).

Figure 4.  PAH- and nPAH-emissions of DEE from pure biodiesel and frequently investigated biodiesel blends compared to DF (= 100%). Summarized are means and standard deviations of 82 engine test runs. References: CitationKaravalakis et al. (2009b, Citation2010b, Citation2011); CitationKooter et al. 2011; CitationMunack et al. (2010, Citation2011); CitationRatcliff et al. (2010); CitationSong et al. (2011); CitationTang et al. (2007).

Figure 4.  PAH- and nPAH-emissions of DEE from pure biodiesel and frequently investigated biodiesel blends compared to DF (= 100%). Summarized are means and standard deviations of 82 engine test runs. References: CitationKaravalakis et al. (2009b, Citation2010b, Citation2011); CitationKooter et al. 2011; CitationMunack et al. (2010, Citation2011); CitationRatcliff et al. (2010); CitationSong et al. (2011); CitationTang et al. (2007).

Figure 5.  Emissions of aldehydes and ketones from pure biodiesel and biodiesel blends in relation to DF (= 100%). Summarized are means and standard deviations of 67 engine test runs. References: CitationFontaras et al. (2009, Citation2010b), CitationHe et al. (2009); CitationKaravalakis et al. (2009a,Citationb); et al. (2010, Citation2011); CitationPeng et al. (2008); CitationRatcliff et al. (2010); CitationYuan et al. (2009).

Figure 5.  Emissions of aldehydes and ketones from pure biodiesel and biodiesel blends in relation to DF (= 100%). Summarized are means and standard deviations of 67 engine test runs. References: CitationFontaras et al. (2009, Citation2010b), CitationHe et al. (2009); CitationKaravalakis et al. (2009a,Citationb); et al. (2010, Citation2011); CitationPeng et al. (2008); CitationRatcliff et al. (2010); CitationYuan et al. (2009).

Table 1.  Overview of toxicological and histopathological findings in subchronic inhalation studies using F344 rats.

Table 2.  In vitro studies of biological effects from DEE after combustion of biodiesel (B100) and biodiesel blends compared to DF.

Related Research Data

DNA adducts induced by in vitro activation of extracts of diesel and biodiesel exhaust particles.
Source: Informa UK Limited
Health effects of soy-biodiesel emissions: mutagenicity-emission factors.
Source: Informa UK Limited

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