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Abstract
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates. Inosine pairs preferentially with cytidine, as opposed to uridine; therefore, ADAR editing alters the sequence and base pairing properties of both protein-coding and non-coding RNA. Editing can directly alter the sequence of protein-coding transcripts and modify splicing, or affect a variety of non-coding targets, including microRNA, small interfering RNA, viral transcripts, and repeat elements such as Alu and LINE. Such editing has a wide range of physiological effects, including modification of targets in the brain and in disease states.
Acknowledgments
Arka Mallela is a member of the University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Scholars Program in Molecular Life Sciences.
Declaration of interest
The work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (GM040536 and HL099342), the Ellison Medical Foundation (AG-55–2281-09), and the Commonwealth Universal Research Enhancement Program, Pennsylvania Department of Health (no number) to K.N.
Editor: Michael M. Cox