Solid lipid nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery

Figures & data

Figure 1.  The structure of the eye and barriers for drug absorption.

Figure 2.  (a) Drug particles encapsulated in a nanocapsule, (b) Drug particles dispersed in a nanosphere.

Figure 3.  The potential of solid lipid nanoparticles to improve ocular drug delivery.

Figure 4.  Schematic representation of double emulsion technique.

Figure 5.  Solid lipid production by liquid flow-focusing and gas displacement method (adopted from Yun et al., 2009).

Figure 6.  Drug expulsion during storage (modified from Müller et al., 2002).

Figure 7.  Explanation of burst release associated with solid lipid nanoparticles release profile (adopted from Müller et al., 2002).

Table 1.  Lipids used in the production of SLNs for ocular drug and gene delivery.

Lipids used in preparing SLNs and NLCs for ocular drug delivery	References
Solid lipids:
Compritol^® 888 ATO	(Li et al., 2008; Basaran et al., 2009)
Precirol^® ATO 5	(del Pozo-Rodríguez et al., 2008)
Phospholipon 90G^®	(Attama et al., 2008; 2009)
Gelucire^® 44/14	(Li et al., 2008)
Stearylamine	(Li et al., 2008)
Tripalmitin (Dynasan^® 116)	(Basaran et al., 2009)
Srearic acid	(Cavalli et al., 2002)
Cationic lipids:
DOTAP	(del Pozo-Rodríguez et al., 2008)
Octadecylamine	(Basaran et al., 2009)
Liquid lipids:
Miglyol^® 812	(Li et al., 2008)

Table 2.  Emulsifiers used in the production of SLNs for ocular drug delivery.

Emulsifiers used in preparing SLNs and NLCs for ocular drug delivery	References
Cremophor^® EL	(Cavalli et al., 2002; Li et al., 2008)
Transcutol^® P	(Li et al., 2008)
Stearylamine	(Li et al., 2008)
Polysorbate 80 (Tween^®80)	(Attama et al., 2008; 2009; del Pozo-Rodríguez et al., 2008; Basaran et al., 2009)
Soya phosphatidylcholine (Epikuron^® 200)	(Cavalli et al., 2002)
Sodium taurocholate	(Cavalli et al., 2002)

Figure 8.  Chemical structure of triglycerides (adopted from Seniha Güner et al., 2006).

Figure 9.  Compritol 888 ATO consists of mixture of monobehenate (a), dibehenate (b), and tribehenate (c) of glycerol (adopted from Brubach et al., 2007).

Yun, J., Zhang, S., Shen, S., Chen, Z., Yao, K., Chen, J. (2009). Continuous production of solid lipid nanoparticles by liquid flow-focusing and gas displacing method in microchannels. Chem Eng Sci. 64:4115–22.

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Müller, R.H., Radtke, M., Wissing, S.A. (2002). Nanostructured lipid matrices for improved microencapsulation of drugs. Int J Pharm. 242:121–8.

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Basaran, Ebru., Demirel, M., Sirmagul, B. and Yazan, Y. (2009). Cyclosporine-A incorporated cationic solid lipid nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery. J Microencapsul. 27:1–11.

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Del Pozo-Rodríguez, A., Delgado, D., Solinís, M.A., Gascón, A.R., Pedraz, J.L. (2008). Solid lipid nanoparticles for retinal gene therapy: transfection and intracellular trafficking in RPE cells. Int J Pharm. 360:177–83.

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Attama, A.A., Reichl, S., Müller-Goymann, C.C. (2008). Diclofenac sodium delivery to the eye: in vitro evaluation of novel solid lipid nanoparticle formulation using human cornea construct. Int J Pharm. 355:307–13.

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Attama, A.A., Reichl, S., Muller-Goymann, C.C. (2009). Sustained release and permeation of timolol from surface-modified solid lipid nanoparticles through bioengineered human cornea. Curr Eye Res. 34:698–705.

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Cavalli, R., Gasco, M.R., Chetoni, P., Burgalassi, S., Saettone, M.F. (2002). Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as ocular delivery system for tobramycin. Int J Pharm. 238:241–5.

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