Novel GO-COO-β-CD/CA inclusion: its blood compatibility, antibacterial property and drug delivery

Figures & data

Figure 1. (A) Relationship between intensity at 2θ = 17.78° from XRD of CA and reaction time. (B) Ratio of GO-COO-β-CD to CA.

Figure 2. Variation of particle size and PDI of GO-COO-β-CD/CA with temperatures. Inset shows the digital pictures of GO-COO-β-CD/CA aqueous solutions.

Table 1. Particle size and PDI of GO-COO-β-CD/CA at different temperatures.

Temperature (°C)	Particle size (nm)	PDI
25	221.6 ± 11.08	0.125 ± 0.025
30	226.3 ± 8.315	0.136 ± 0.028
35	224.5 ± 11.225	0.117 ± 0.028
40	230.2 ± 9.51	0.192 ± 0.020
45	236.5 ± 9.825	0.143 ± 0.026

Figure 3. (A) Optical images of inhibition zone for GO-COO-β-CD (a), CA (b), GO-COO-β-CD/CA (c) and physical mixture of GO-COO-β-CD and CA (d) against E. coli. (B) Optical images of inhibition zone for GO-COO-β-CD (a), CA (b), GO-COO-β-CD/CA (c) and physical mixture of GO-COO-β-CD and CA (d) against S. aureus.

Table 2. Diameter of inhibition zone of GO-COO-β-CD, CA, GO-COO-β-CD/CA and physical mixture of GO-COO-β-CD and CA.

Bacterial	Zone of inhibition (mm)
	GO-COO-β-CD	CA	GeneO-COO-β-CD/CA	Physical mixture
E. coli	—	6.5	9.5	7.0
S. aureus	—	7.5	11.5	7.8

— Means no antibacterial effect.

Figure 4. (A) MIC of GO-COO-β-CD (a) and GO-COO-β-CD/CA (b) at different apparent concentrations for E. coli. (B) MIC of GO-COO-β-CD (a) and GO-COO-β-CD/CA and (b) at different apparent concentrations for S. aureus..

Figure 5. (A) Inhibition curve for E. coli at apparent concentrations of 0 (a), 2 (b), 1 (c), 0.5 (d), 0.25 (e) and 0.125 mg/ml (f). (B) Inhibition curve for S. aureus at apparent concentrations of 0 (a), 2 (b), 1 (c), 0.5 (d), 0.25 (e) and 0.125 mg/ml (f).

Table 3. Antimicrobial percentage of GO-COO-β-CD/CA for E. coli and S. aureus..

Bacteria	Content (mg/ml)	OD650 (intent sample)	Livability(%)	Inhibition(%)
E. coli	0	0.644	≤100	0
	2.0000	0.114	17.7	≥82.30
	1.0000	0.089	13.82	≥86.18
	0.5000	0.079	11.96	≥88.04
	0.2500	0.075	11.65	≥88.35
	0.1250	0.571	88.66	11.33
S. aureus	0	0.607	≤100	0
	2.0000	0.074	12.19	≥87.80
	1.0000	0.070	11.53	≥88.46
	0.5000	0.068	11.20	≥88.79
	0.2500	0.067	11.04	≥88.96
	0.1250	0.217	35.74	64.25

Table 4. Results of hemolysis test of GO-COO-β-CD, CA and GO-COO-β-CD/CA.

Sample	Content(µg/ml)	OD	Hemolysis rate (%)
	0.1	0.044	0.534
	1	0.045	0.668
GO-COO-β-CD	5	0.047	0.935
	10	0.049	1.202
	50	0.052	1.602
	0.1	0.058	2.403
	1	0.066	3.471
CA	5	0.070	4.005
	10	0.079	5.207
	50	0.086	6.142
	0.1	0.049	1.202
	1	0.050	1.335
GO-COO-β-CD/CA	5	0.057	2.270
	10	0.060	2.670
	50	0.067	3.605

Figure 6. Recalcification time of PPP (a), GO-COO-β-CD/CA (b), GO-COO-β-CD (c), CA (d) and PPP+Ca²⁺ (e).

Figure 7. Morphology of HEK 293 cells after culture for 48 h on negative control (a), GO-COO-β-CD (b), CA (c) and GO-COO-β-CD/CA (d).

Table 5. Cytotoxicity of GO-COO-β-CD, CA and GO-COO-β-CD/CA.

Sample	Content (μg/ml)	O.D. (490 nm)	RGR (%)	Cytotoxicity grade
Blank		0.047	0	5
Negative control		1.602	100	0
GeneO-COO-β-CD	20	2.015	126	0
	2	2.328	146	0
	0.2	2.031	127	0
CA	20	1.398	86.8	1
	2	1.252	77.5	1
	0.2	1.489	92.3	1
GeneO-COO-β-CD/CA	20	1.598	99.7	1
	2	1.647	103	0
	0.2	2.603	100	0

Cytotoxicity grade is based on the definition in USP.

Figure 8. Release profile of GO-COO-β-CD/CA in HCl (pH = 1.0) (A) and PBS (pH = 7.0) (B).