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Research Article

Osteogenic effect of locally applied Pentoxyfilline gel: in vitro and in vivo evaluations

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Pages 1094-1102 | Received 18 Nov 2013, Accepted 06 Jan 2014, Published online: 20 Feb 2014

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the formulated Cbp-based gel of PTX for bone induction.

Figure 1. Rheograms of the formulated Cbp-based gels: (a) 1% Cbp, (b) 3% Cbp.

Figure 1. Rheograms of the formulated Cbp-based gels: (a) 1% Cbp, (b) 3% Cbp.

Figure 2. DSC thermogram of the Cbp polymer, pure drug (PTX), physical mixture of PTX: Cbp (1:1) and PTX Cbp-based gel.

Figure 2. DSC thermogram of the Cbp polymer, pure drug (PTX), physical mixture of PTX: Cbp (1:1) and PTX Cbp-based gel.

Figure 3. Release profile of PTX from the formulated Cbp-based gels in Sorenson phosphate buffer pH 6.6 at 37 °C. (Each point represent the mean ± SD, n = 3).

Figure 3. Release profile of PTX from the formulated Cbp-based gels in Sorenson phosphate buffer pH 6.6 at 37 °C. (Each point represent the mean ± SD, n = 3).

Table 2. Comparing the DE%, T50%, release rate constant (k) and exponent n of different Cbp-based gel formulations of Pentoxyfilline in Sorenson phosphate buffer pH 6.6.

Figure 4. Effect of ageing on drug content of the Cbp-based gels at ambient temperature. (Each point represent the mean ± SD, n = 3).

Figure 4. Effect of ageing on drug content of the Cbp-based gels at ambient temperature. (Each point represent the mean ± SD, n = 3).

Figure 5. Effect of ageing on the release profiles of PTX from: (a) 1% Cbp (b) 3% Cbp gels in Sorenson phosphate buffer pH 6.6 at 37 °C. (Each point represent the mean ± SD, n = 3).

Figure 5. Effect of ageing on the release profiles of PTX from: (a) 1% Cbp (b) 3% Cbp gels in Sorenson phosphate buffer pH 6.6 at 37 °C. (Each point represent the mean ± SD, n = 3).

Figure 6. Effect of ageing on rheological property of the Cbp-based gels: (a) 1% and (b) 3% at ambient temperature.

Figure 6. Effect of ageing on rheological property of the Cbp-based gels: (a) 1% and (b) 3% at ambient temperature.

Figure 7. Percentage increase in bone density after local application of PTX Cbp based gels after two months in rabbits.

Figure 7. Percentage increase in bone density after local application of PTX Cbp based gels after two months in rabbits.

Figure 8. (a) SEM of group C (3% gel) at the end of study period showing intimate bone implant contact with no gap (500×). (b) SEM of Control group A showing a gap extending along the bone implant interface. (500×).

Figure 8. (a) SEM of group C (3% gel) at the end of study period showing intimate bone implant contact with no gap (500×). (b) SEM of Control group A showing a gap extending along the bone implant interface. (500×).

Figure 9. Photomicrograph (100×) ground section of: (a) 3% gel group showing well organized mature bone with no gap and (b) control group showing immature bone.

Figure 9. Photomicrograph (100×) ground section of: (a) 3% gel group showing well organized mature bone with no gap and (b) control group showing immature bone.

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