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Research Article

Systemic delivery of alpha-asarone with Kolliphor HS 15 improves its safety and therapeutic effect on asthma

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Pages 266-275 | Received 10 Dec 2013, Accepted 28 Jan 2014, Published online: 03 Mar 2014

Figures & data

Figure 1. Chemical structure of (a) alpha-asarone and (b) Kolliphor HS 15.

Figure 1. Chemical structure of (a) alpha-asarone and (b) Kolliphor HS 15.

Figure 2. The spraying device of ultrasonic atomization in therapeutic effect study.

Figure 2. The spraying device of ultrasonic atomization in therapeutic effect study.

Figure 3. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Figure 3. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Table 1. The stability of the (a) Kolliphor HS 15-ARE at room temperature (25 °C) and (b) Kolliphor HS 15-ARE and CA-ARE after dilution.

Figure 4. Plot of the fluorescence of pyrene I1/I3 intensity ratio versus concentration of Kolliphor HS 15 in normal saline at 25 °C (n = 3).

Figure 4. Plot of the fluorescence of pyrene I1/I3 intensity ratio versus concentration of Kolliphor HS 15 in normal saline at 25 °C (n = 3).

Table 2. Panel a: Design of the hemolysis assay of the Kolliphor HS 15-ARE and Panel b: the hemolysis assay of the Kolliphor HS 15-ARE.

Figure 5. Mean plasma concentration–time curves of ARE in plasma after intravenous injections of HS 15-ARE and CA-ARE. Each value represents the mean±standard deviation (n = 5).

Figure 5. Mean plasma concentration–time curves of ARE in plasma after intravenous injections of HS 15-ARE and CA-ARE. Each value represents the mean±standard deviation (n = 5).

Table 3. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of HS 15-ARE and CA-ARE in rats (n = 5).

Figure 6. (a) AUC (mg/l min) for HS 15-ARE and CA-ARE in tissue distribution studies (n = 5). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 (compared with CA-ARE). (b) The ARE concentration of Kolliphor HS 15-ARE and CA-AREs in tissues at times (10, 30, 60 and 120 min) post-injection (n = 5).

Figure 6. (a) AUC (mg/l min) for HS 15-ARE and CA-ARE in tissue distribution studies (n = 5). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 (compared with CA-ARE). (b) The ARE concentration of Kolliphor HS 15-ARE and CA-AREs in tissues at times (10, 30, 60 and 120 min) post-injection (n = 5).

Figure 7. The histamine levels of different groups of guinea pigs in anaphylaxis study. ***p < 0.001 (compared with CA-ARE).

Figure 7. The histamine levels of different groups of guinea pigs in anaphylaxis study. ***p < 0.001 (compared with CA-ARE).

Table 4. The results of allergy symptoms of four groups of guinea pigs in anaphylaxis study.

Figure 8. (a) The histamine level released into blood in Wistar rats. *p < 0.05 (compared with CA-ARE). (b) The IL-5 content in the serum of each group in Wistar rats. *p < 0.05 (compared with CA-ARE). (c) The IL-5 content in alveolar lavage fluid in Wistar rats. *p < 0.05 (compared with CA-ARE).

Figure 8. (a) The histamine level released into blood in Wistar rats. *p < 0.05 (compared with CA-ARE). (b) The IL-5 content in the serum of each group in Wistar rats. *p < 0.05 (compared with CA-ARE). (c) The IL-5 content in alveolar lavage fluid in Wistar rats. *p < 0.05 (compared with CA-ARE).

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