Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Evaluation of Liposome-Encapsulated Hemoglobin as a Resuscitation Fluid

Figures & data

Figure 1. Scheme for the synthesis of anionic non-phospholipid CHHDA. The final compound was obtained with 76% yield.

Figure 2. Schematic flow chart of MRS experiment. The rats remained under isoflurane anesthesia during spectroscopy, but were allowed to recover during indicated periods. The isovolemically resuscitated rats received either saline or LEH administrations at 0.5 ml/min.

Table 1. Properties of LEH.

Characteristic	Value
Hb (g/dl)	6.9
Hb to lipid ratio	1.2
Size (nm ± SEM)	300.8 ± 7.8
Met Hb (%)	less than 2%
p50	19.29

Figure 3. Changes in mean arterial pressure in rats subjected to 40% hemorrhage followed 30 min later by resuscitation with either LEH or saline at 0.5 ml/min.

Figure 4. Both ¹H and ³¹P spectra were acquired at the same location, encompassing part of the cortex and corpus striatum (voxel shown as square).

Figure 5. The ratios of various metabolites with respect to creatine obtained from ¹H spectroscopy: (a) lactate; (b) lactate plus lipid; (c) pyruvate; (d) glutamate-glutamine; (e) N-Acetyl aspartate; and (f) choline.

Figure 6. Values of various phosphorus metabolites obtained from ³¹P spectroscopy: (a) phosphocreatine; (b) inorganic phosphate; (c) total ATP; (d) β-ATP; (e) α-ATP; and (f) phosphomonoesters.