Experimental Study of Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Composite Artificial Bone

Figures & data

Figure 1. Representations of different artificial bones in reality: (a) powder of nano-HA artificial bone; (b) Nano-HA artificial bone; (c) normal HA artificial bone; (d) X-ray diffraction spectrum: a-human bone, b-nano-HA artificial bone.

Figure 2. Structure of specimen under invert microscope: (a) Nano-HA artificial bone; (b) Normal HA artificial bone. (×400).

Figure 3. X-ray photograph for the bone defect of group A: (a) at 4th week, the material has been degraded partly; (b) at 8th week, the interaction surface between new bone tissues and the material was illegible; (c) at 12th week, the material has been degraded completely, and the bone defect has been repaired.

Figure 4. X-ray photograph for the bone defect of group B: (a) at 4th week, the interaction surface between new bone tissues and the material is clear; (b) at 8th week, the interaction surface between new bone tissues and the material is clear; (c) at 12th week, the material has not been degraded completely, and the bone defect has been partly repaired.

Table 1. Bone formation and Lane-Sandhu X-ray molding score among different groups (Mean±SD)

	Group A		Group B		Group C
Time	N	Mean value	N	Mean value	N	Mean value
4^th week	30	4.52±0.45*^Δ	30	2.86±0.30*	30	1.02±0.30
8^th week	20	8.34±0.67*^Δ	20	5.84±0.74*	20	1.53±0.29
12^th week	10	10.67±0.73*^Δ	10	8.85±1.05*	10	2.29±0.57

Note: *Compared with group C (P<0.05); Compared with group B (P<0.05).

Figure 5. Radionuclide bone imaging photo of group A: (a) at 4th week; (b) at 8th week; (c) at 12th week, respectively.

Figure 6. Radionuclide bone imaging photo of group B: (a) at 4th week; (b) at 8th week; (c) at 12th week, respectively.

Table 2. Intape ratio of operative site in static phase (S, n=5)

Time	Group A	Group B	Group C
4^th week	17.51±0.92*	14.37±1.05*	1.62 ±0.74
8^th week	21.73±1.56*	18.89±2.22*	3.17±0.64
12^th week	18.27±1.68*	15.11±1.73*	2.30±1.07

Note: *Compared with group C (P<0.05); Compared with group B (P<0.05).

Table 3. Biomechanical test results of three different groups (Mean±SD, n = 4)

	Mechanical strength (MPa)
Time	Group A	Group B
4^th week	26.49±3.08*	21.77±4.03
8^th week	61.37±2.36*	45.43±6.38
12^th week	80.64±4.02*	71.55±5.79

Note: *Compared with group B (P<0.05).