Comparing the Chondrogenic Potential in vivo of Autogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Different Tissues

Figures & data

Table 1. Main reagent and equipment

Reagent and equipment	Source
DMEM culture fluid	GIBCO
Fetal bovine serum	Sijiqing Biology Company, Hangzhou, China
Type 80-1 centrifugation depositor	Shanghai Surgical Instruments Company, China
Superclean bench (SW-CJ-18)	Suzhou Decontamination Equipment Company, China
CO2 gas incubator	Sony Company, Japan
70-μm nylon filter	Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA

Table 2. Gross grading scale fsor articular cartilage defects

Category	Scores
Surface architecture
Normal, smooth, hylinelike cartilage (%)	0
>75	1
50–75	2
<50	3
Depth of defect filled (%)
100	0
>75	1
50–75	2
50	3
Integration with adjacent cartilage Margin (%)
100	1
>75	2
50–75	3
<50	4
Total maximum	10
Histological grading scale for articular cartilage defects
Category	Scores
Depth of defect filled (%)
111–125	1
91–110	0
76–90	1
51–75	2
26–50	3
<25	4
Integration of donor with host adjacent cartilage
Both edges integrated	0
One edge integrated	1
Neither edge integrated	2
Surface architecture
Normal, smooth	0
Moderate fiberocation or non-regulation	1
Middling fiberocation	2
Severe fiberocation	3
Celluar morphology and organization (%)
100	0
>75	1
25–75	2
<25	3
Tidemark formation (%)
Completely formatted	0
75–90	1
50–74	2
25–49	4
<25
Toluidine Blue staining relative to adjacent cartilage (%)
Normal	0
25–75	1
<25	2
Total maximum	18

Figure 1. Gross observation of bone marrow MSCs group 12 weeks postoperatively.

Table 3. Gross scores for articular cartilage defects at 12 weeks (O'Driscoll's scores, n = 6)

Item	Bone-marrow	Periosteum	Synovium	Adipose	Muscle	Control
Surface architecture	0.50 ± 0.17^▴▴	1.00 ± 0.25	1.56 ± 0.54^▴	1.48 ± 0.78^▴	1.47 ± 0.78^▴	2.67 ± 0.49
Depth of defect filled (%)	0.25 ± 0.05^▴▴	1.67 ± 0.07^▴	1.79 ± 0.65^▴	1.46 ± 0.47^▴	2.36 ± 1.57	2.83 ± 0.39
Integration with adjacent cartilage margin	0.28 ± 0.08^▴▴	1.00 ± 0.04^▴	2.36 ± 1.20^▴	2.45 ± 1.00	1.34 ± 0.23^▴	2.67 ± 0.49
Total	0.83 ± 0.41^▴▴	3.67 ± 1.42^▴	5.17 ± 1.78^▴	5.06 ± 2.31^▴	6.70 ± 0.78^▴	9.17 ± 0.72

^▴▴p< 0.05 VS Periosteum-, synovium-, adipose tissue-, muscle-MSCs group as well as control group.

^▴p < 0.05 VS Control group.

Figures 2. Sagittal sections of cartilage defects transplanted with MSCs derived from bone marrow (1) at 12 weeks (toluidine blue staining × 400).

Figures 3. Sagittal sections of cartilage defects transplanted with MSCs derived from periostenum (2) at 12 weeks (toluidine blue staining × 400).

Figures 4. Sagittal sections of cartilage defects transplanted with MSCs derived from syanovium (3) at 12 weeks (toluidine blue staining × 400).

Figures 5. Sagittal sections of cartilage defects transplanted with MSCs derived from adipose (4) at 12 weeks (toluidine blue staining × 400).

Figures 6. Sagittal sections of cartilage defects transplanted with MSCs derived from muscle (5) at 12 weeks (toluidine blue staining × 400).

Figures 7. Sagittal sections of cartilage defects transplanted with MSCs derived from control group (6) at 12 weeks (toluidine blue staining × 400).

Table 4. Histological scores for articular cartilage defects at 12 weeks (O'Driscoll's scores, , n = 6)

Item	Bone-marrow	Periosteum	Synovium	Adipose	Muscle-	Control
Depth of defect filled (%)	1.38 ± 0.52^▴▴	2.50 ± 0.53^▴	2.83 ± 0.89	2.67 ± 1.43^▴	2.78 ± 1.34^▴	3.00 ± 0.00
Integration with adjacent cartilage margin	0.25 ± 0.46^▴▴	1.25 ± 0.46^▴	1.20 ± 0.72^▴	1.57 ± 0.42^▴	1.78 ± 0.80	2.00 ± 0.00
Surface architecture	0.63 ± 0.52^▴▴	1.88 ± 0.35^▴	2.09 ± 1.00^▴	1.78 ± 0.89^▴	2.36 ± 1.08^▴	2.75 ± 0.47
Cellular morphology andOrganization (%)	1.25 ± 0.46^▴▴	2.50 ± 0.53	2.67 ± 0.56^▴	2.05 ± 1.45^▴	1.98 ± 0.76^▴	2.75 ± 0.46
Tidemark formation (%)	0.38 ± 0.52^▴▴	2.63 ± 0.52^▴	2.45 ± 0.85^▴	2.76 ± 1.12^▴	2.68 ± 1.23	3.50 ± 0.53
Toluidine blue staining relative to adjacent cartilage (%)	0.38 ± 0.52^▴▴	1.26 ± 0.71^▴	1.34 ± 0.42^▴	1.56 ± 0.58^▴	1.12 ± 0.34^▴	1.87 ± 0.35
Total	4.13 ± 0.83^▴▴	12.00 ± 1.60^▴	11.24 ± 3.08^▴	10.98 ± 2.14^▴	12.23 ± 4.65^▴	15.87 ± 0.64

^▴▴p< 0.05 VS Periosteum-, synovium-, adipose tissue-, and muscle-MSCs group as well as control group.

^▴p < 0.05 VS Control group.

Figure 8. Immunohistochemistry staining of type II collagen observation of bone marrow MSCs group 12 weeks postoperatively (× 1 000).