Garlicin attenuates reperfusion no-reflow in a catheter-based porcine model of acute myocardial infarction

Figures & data

Table I. Hemodynamics at different time points of each group.

		Sham-operation	Control	Garlicin
	HR (beat/min)	115±5	122±8	116±3
Before AMI	LVSP (mmHg)	128±3.5	126±5.6	132±4.4
	LVEDP (mmHg)	4.5±1.3	4.1±1.1	3.9±1.4
	HR (beat/min)	115±5	127±7	126±6
AMI 2hr	LVSP (mmHg)	126±4.5	103±2.5^#	108±4.5^#
	LVEDP (mmHg)	4.2±1.1	7.2±2.2^#	7.1±2.4^#
	HR (beat/min)	115±5	125±5	114±7
Reperfusion 3hr	LVSP (mmHg)	125±3.7	110±7.8^#	125±3.2^*+
	LVEDP (mmHg)	4.6±1.4	6.3±2.6^#	4.4±2.5^*+

LVSP, LVEDP, and HR were obtained by catheter method at three time points: (1) before AMI; (2) 2hr after occlusion; (3) 3 hr after reperfusion. ^#P<0.05 vs before AMI; *P<0.05 vs control group; ⁺P<0.05 vs 2 hr after AMI.

Table II. MCE results assessing RA and NRA.

	Trigger MCE		Real-time MCE
	NRA/RA(%)	RA/LVA(%)	NRA/RA(%)	RA/LVA(%)
Control	58.2±14.7%	15.2±3.0%	63.5±15.8%	15.1±3.8%
Garlicin	35.3±13.5%*	14.7±3.4%	45.1±14.3%*	15.5±4.1%

* P<0.05 vs control group.

Figure 1. Excised heart stained with Evans blue dye and thioflavin-S. Normal myocardium, reperfusion area, and NRA were dark blue, yellow, and dark red, respectively, in room light (A,C,E), while black, bright yellow, and deep red, respectively, in UV light (B,D,F). A,B: sham-operation group; C,D: control group; E,F: garlicin group.

Table III. Pathological staining assessing RA and NRA.

Group	No.	RA/LVA (%)	NRA/LVA (%)	NRA/RA (%)
Control	8	49.93±3.82%	23.39±3.49%	46.85±4.14%
Garlicin	8	50.62±4.21%	12.31±4.26%*	24.32±3.91%7*

* P<0.01 vs control group.

Table IV. Serum IL-6 at different time of each group(pg/ml)

	Sham-operation	Control	Garlicin
Before AMI	114.5±3.6	112.5±9.8	115.3±3.2
AMI 2hr	111.2±4.6	133.1±2.7^#	136.6±3.0^#
Reperfusion 1hrReperfusion 2hrReperfusion 3hr	113.5±1.6	124.8±6.2^#	116.4±3.7^#*+
	112.7±5.6	129.9±6.7^#	116.2±4.1^#*+
	113.2±4.9	136.6±8.4^#	111.5±1.6^#*+

^#P<0.05 vs before AMI; *P<0.05 vs AMI 2hr; ⁺P<0.05 vs control group.

Table V. Serum TNF-α at different time of each group(ng/ml).

	Sham-operation	Control	Garlicin
Before AMI	0.51±0.1	0.53±0.11	0.50±0.13
AMI 2hr	0.52±0.11	0.71±0.13^#	0.74±0.12^#
Reperfusion 1hr	0.51±0.06	0.93±0.3^#*	0.76±0.15^#*+
Reperfusion 2hr	0.51±0.05	1.20±0.3^#*	0.85±0.15^#*+
Reperfusion 3hr	0.51±0.09	1.31±0.27^#*	0.91±0.09^#*+

^#P<0.05 vs before AMI; *P<0.05 vs AMI 2hr; ⁺P<0.05 vs control group.

Table VI. Serum ET-1 at different time of each group (pg/ml)

	Sham-operation	Control	Garlicin
Before AMI	134.5±10.2	137.5±13.5	134.7±12.7
AMI 2hr	135.5±11.1	156.9±17.5^#	153±12.2^#
Reperfusion 1hr	132.4±12.2	174.26±16.2^#*	158.5±10.6^#*+
Reperfusion 2hr	134.1±9.3	173.9±15.8^#*	161.2±12.9^#*+
Reperfusion 3hr	133.8±8.9	181.7±15.2^#*	165.8±12.4^#*+

^#P<0.05 vs before AMI; *P<0.05 vs AMI 2hr; ⁺P<0.01 vs control group.