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Research Article

Development and characterization of ligand-appended liposomes for multiple drug therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis

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Pages 52-59 | Received 17 May 2012, Accepted 10 Jun 2012, Published online: 14 Aug 2012

Figures & data

Table I. Optimized ratio along with characterization parameters.

Table II. Optimized mannan concentrations along with characterization parameters.

Figure 1. In-vitro drug release of neutral and mannan-coated liposomes of drugs where manna ARIF, AINH, APYZ represent mannan-appended liposomes of RIF, INH, and PYZ.

Figure 1. In-vitro drug release of neutral and mannan-coated liposomes of drugs where manna ARIF, AINH, APYZ represent mannan-appended liposomes of RIF, INH, and PYZ.

Table III. Percent (%) drug retention (PDR) study.

Figure 2. Formulation codes and angle of repose (n = 3, mean ± S.D.).

Figure 2. Formulation codes and angle of repose (n = 3, mean ± S.D.).

Figure 3. Moisture content (%) of different formulations (mean ± S.D., n = 3). Here A19, A24, and A29 represent inhalation powder of drugs; A20, A25, and A30 represent neutral liposomes of drugs for inhalation; A21, A26, and A31 represent DPI of neutral liposomes of drugs; A22, A27, and A32 represent mannan-coated liposomes of drugs; and A23, A28, and A33 represent DPI of mannan-coated liposomes of drugs, i.e. RIF, INH, and PYZ, respectively.

Figure 3. Moisture content (%) of different formulations (mean ± S.D., n = 3). Here A19, A24, and A29 represent inhalation powder of drugs; A20, A25, and A30 represent neutral liposomes of drugs for inhalation; A21, A26, and A31 represent DPI of neutral liposomes of drugs; A22, A27, and A32 represent mannan-coated liposomes of drugs; and A23, A28, and A33 represent DPI of mannan-coated liposomes of drugs, i.e. RIF, INH, and PYZ, respectively.

Table IV. Tissue distribution of drugs after administration of different liposomal formulations.

Figure 4. SEM images of DPI of mannan-coated liposomes of RIF (A23), INH (A28), and PYZ (A33).

Figure 4. SEM images of DPI of mannan-coated liposomes of RIF (A23), INH (A28), and PYZ (A33).

Figure 5. Comparative percent drug recovered from lungs after 8-hr administration of various formulations. Here P. represents powder of RIF, INH, and PYZ; neutral DPI represents DPI of neutral liposomes; mannan DPI represents DPI of mannan-appended liposomes.

Figure 5. Comparative percent drug recovered from lungs after 8-hr administration of various formulations. Here P. represents powder of RIF, INH, and PYZ; neutral DPI represents DPI of neutral liposomes; mannan DPI represents DPI of mannan-appended liposomes.

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