Electromagnetic tracking for abdominal interventions in computer aided surgery

Figures & data

Figure 1. The Aurora system and electromagnetically tracked tools from Northern Digital and Traxtal Technologies. A: MagTrax needle; B: catheter; C: skin patch; D: sensor coil; E: guidewire. [Color version available online.]

Figure 2. Diagram for respiratory cycle of phantom (a) and swine studies (b). Time Stamp identifies the minimum FRE/TRE value; Gating indicates the breath-hold period; and Non-gating indicates the entire respiratory cycle. [Color version available online.]

Figure 3. Positions of the needles and tracking path before (left) and after (right) registration. [Color version available online.]

Figure 4. User interface of the Navigator system. (a) A display showing the axial, sagittal, coronal, and tool-tip views. (b) Integration of the tracked ultrasound. An ultrasound image and re-sliced CT image from the same plane are reconstructed and compared. [Color version available online.]

Figure 5. Respiratory phantom showing dummy torso with rib cage and skin, along with the control interface and a laptop computer. [Color version available online.]

Figure 6. Swine animal study in the fluoroscopy suite under an approved protocol. [Color version available online.]

Figure 7. Swine animal study in the CT suite completed under an approved protocol showing the Navigator user interface. [Color version available online.]