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Biomedical Paper

Robotic assisted spinal surgery–from concept to clinical practice

, , , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 105-115 | Received 25 Dec 2005, Accepted 12 Nov 2006, Published online: 06 Jan 2010

Figures & data

Figure 1. Miniature robot for positioning of surgical tools.

Figure 1. Miniature robot for positioning of surgical tools.

Figure 2. Planning a screw insertion in three orthogonal projections. [Color version available online.]

Figure 2. Planning a screw insertion in three orthogonal projections. [Color version available online.]

Figure 3. Attachment to bony anatomy. (a) Clamp and bridge. (b) Minimally invasive Hover-T.

Figure 3. Attachment to bony anatomy. (a) Clamp and bridge. (b) Minimally invasive Hover-T.

Figure 4. Clamp and targeting device mounted on the spinous process. [Color version available online.]

Figure 4. Clamp and targeting device mounted on the spinous process. [Color version available online.]

Figure 5. Drilling into the pedicle through the SpineAssist's cannulated guide.

Figure 5. Drilling into the pedicle through the SpineAssist's cannulated guide.

Figure 6. Three arms with cannulated guides of different sizes and angulations.

Figure 6. Three arms with cannulated guides of different sizes and angulations.

Figure 7. Dry bone jig for verification of system accuracy.

Figure 7. Dry bone jig for verification of system accuracy.

Figure 8. Actual versus planned drill positions for pedicle screw (a) and translaminar screw (b). [Color version available online.]

Figure 8. Actual versus planned drill positions for pedicle screw (a) and translaminar screw (b). [Color version available online.]

Table I.  Accuracy analysis.

Figure 9. Procedure completion rate and placement accuracy.

Figure 9. Procedure completion rate and placement accuracy.

Figure 10. Anterior-posterior (a) and lateral (b) fluoroscopic views of SpineAssist-guided pedicle screw insertion (using the Hover-T clamping device).

Figure 10. Anterior-posterior (a) and lateral (b) fluoroscopic views of SpineAssist-guided pedicle screw insertion (using the Hover-T clamping device).

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