Health related quality of life in male patients with osteoporosis: results of a cross sectional study

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Flowchart describing the study sample of male patients with osteoporosis.

Table I.  Characteristics of the sample and fracture subgroups in male patients with osteoporosis (n = 155).

Demographic parameters	Statistics	Total sample (n = 155)	No fractures (n = 95)	1 fracture (n = 36)	≥ 2 fractures (n = 24)	Stat. tests/group differences
Age in years	Median	60.9	60.9	61.1	58.2	p > 0.05^b
Employed	n (%)	42.9	46.3	34.3	41.7	p > 0.05^c
Retired	n (%)	51.0	47.4	63.8	45.8	p > 0.05^c
BMI (kg/m^2)	mean ± s.d.	25.1 ± 4.3	24.6 ± 3.4	25.0 ± 3.9	27.0 ± 7.0	p > 0.05^b
Fracture type^a
Lumbar/vertebrae	n (%)	32.3	0	83.3	83.3	p > 0.05^c
Hip	n (%)	7.1	0	5.6	37.5	p ≤ 0.01^c
Forearm	n (%)	9.0	0	11.1	41.7	p ≤ 0.01^c

^aSubjects may have experienced more than one main fragility fracture, n (%) = number of patients with fractures, test of group differences only between 1 fracture vs. ≥ 2 fractures

^bKruskall-Wallis-test.

^cChi²-test.

Table II.  Percentage of frequency (n) of the dimensions of EQ-5D in male patients with osteoporosis (n = 155).

	Ailments	No fractures (n = 95)	1 fracture (n = 36)	≥ 2 fractures (n = 24)	rspearman (p)
Mobility (n = 155)	No	80.0% (76)	77.8% (28)	58.3% (14)	0.144 (p > 0.05)
	Moderate	20.0% (19)	22.2% (8)	41.7% (10)
	Extreme	–	–	–
Self-care (n = 154)	No	95.8% (90)	97.2% (35)	87.5% (21)	0.083 (p > 0.05)
	Moderate	4.3% (4)	2.8% (1)	12.5% (3)
	Extreme	–	–	–
Usual activities (n = 155)	No	82.1% (78)	77.8% (28)	62.5% (15)	0.142 (p > 0.05)
	Moderate	16.8% (16)	22.2%(8)	37.5% (9)
	Extreme	1.1% (1)	–	–
Pain/discomfort (n = 155)	No	32.6% (31)	19.4% (7)	12.5% (3)	0.225 (p ≤ 0.01)
	Moderate	62.1% (59)	77.8% (28)	62.5% (15)
	Extreme	5.3% (5)	2.8% (1)	25.0% (6)
Anxiety/depres-sion (n = 155)	No	67.4% (64)	75.0% (27)	50.0% (12)	0.057 (p > 0.05)
	Moderate	29.5% (28)	25.0% (9)	45.8% (11)
	Extreme	3.2% (3)	–	4.2% (1)

Figure 2.  Description of the QUALEFFO-41-domain-scores in male patients with osteoporosis (n = 150)*.

Scaling: 0 = no to 100 = high limitation.

*5 patients with missing values

Table III.  Values of the summarized EQ-5D-Scale INDEX in male patients with osteoporosis (n = 155).

	INDEX
No fractures
Mean ± s.d.	74.5 ± 17.8
Median	72.8
n	95
Max. 1 fracture
Mean ± s.d.	72.8 ± 13.2
Median	72.8
n	36
Min. 2 fractures
Mean ± s.d.	61.3 ± 16.4
Median	67.7
n	24
Total sample
Mean ± s.d.	72.1 ± 17.2
Median	72.8
N	155
Results K-W-Test
chi^2 (p)	7.88 (≤ 0.05)

Table IV.  Mean values of the QUALEFFO-41-scores in male patients with osteoporosis (n = 155).

	Pain^a	Physical function^b	Social function^a	General health perception^a	Mental function	Total score
No fractures	30.0	5.9	23.6	50.0	33.3	21.1
1 fracture	30.0	7.4	26.1	50.0	32.0	24.4
≥ 2 fractures	47.5	17.6	39.7	66.7	41.7	25.7
Total sample	30.0	7.4	26.1	50.0	33.3	22.1

Scaling of the values: 0 = unlimited to 100 = strongly limited quality of life.

K-W-Test: ^ap ≤ 0.05/ ^bp ≤ 0.01.