Increased incidence of metabolic syndrome in older men with high normotension

Figures & data

Table I.  Clinical characteristics of the study subjects.

Characteristic	Total (n = 2388)	Group-1 (n = 796)	Group-2 (n = 796)	Group-3 (n = 796)	p value
Age (years)	68.5 ± 3.8	68.5 ± 3.8	68.5 ± 3.8	68.5 ± 3.8	0.998
WC (cm)	82.0 ± 8.6	80.6 ± 8.9	82.0 ± 8.4*	83.3 ± 8.4*^,†	<0.001
BMI (Kg/m^2)	22.7 ± 2.9	22.2 ± 3.0	22.7 ± 2.8*	23.2 ± 2.7*^,†	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	110 ± 7.8	101 ± 5.7	111 ± 2.2*	118 ± 1.8*^,†	<0.001
DBP (mmHg)	66 ± 6.8	63 ± 6.5	66 ± 6.3*	69 ± 6.1*^,†	<0.001
FPG (mg/dL)	102 ± 22.6	101 ± 20.9	101 ± 18.4	105 ± 27.5*^,†	0.003
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	197 ± 35.1	196 ± 34.7	196 ± 35.1	198 ± 35.5	0.496
HDL-C (mg/dL)	51 ± 14.6	52 ± 14.8	52 ± 15.1	50 ± 13.6*	0.027
LDL-C (mg/dL)	123 ± 31.8	123 ± 30.8	121 ± 31.7	124 ± 32.7	0.301
Log TG	2.00 ± 0.20	1.98 ± 0.20	2.01 ± 0.21*	2.02 ± 0.20*	<0.001

Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation.

*p < 0.05 against Group-1; ^†p < 0.05 against Group-2.

BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; Log TG, log transformation of triglyceride; TG, triglyceride; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WC, waist circumference.

Table II.  Multiple linear regression analysis between systolic blood pressure and age, metabolic syndrome components.

Variable	Parameter	β (95% CI)	p value
Systolic blood pressure	Age	0.049 (0.009 to 0.089)	0.016
	Waist circumference	0.134 (0.090 to 0.178)	<0.001
	Fasting plasma glucose	0.041 (0.001 to 0.081)	0.047
	High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol	0.036 (−0.010 to 0.082)	0.122
	Log triglyceride^a	0.065 (0.019 to 0.111)	0.005

^aData were log-transformed.

Table III.  Prevalence and odds ratios (95% CI) for components of metabolic syndrome in tertiles of systolic blood pressure.

		Group-1	Group-2	Group-3
WC ≥ 90 cm	Prevalence (%)	17	18	24
	ORs (95% CI)	1 (Ref.)	1.110 (0.857–1.439)	1.552 (1.212–1.988)*
FPG ≥ 100 mg/dL	Prevalence (%)	40	46	50
	ORs (95% CI)	1 (Ref.)	1.286 (1.054–1.570)*	1.519 (1.245–1.853)^†
HDL-C < 40 mg/dL	Prevalence (%)	19	21	21
	ORs (95% CI)	1 (Ref.)	1.154 (0.901–1.477)	1.180 (0.922–1.510)
TG ≥ 150 mg/dL	Prevalence (%)	16	20	22
	ORs (95% CI)	1 (Ref.)	1.267 (0.981–1.636)	1.473 (1.146–1.892)*
MetS	Prevalence (%)	8	9	12
	ORs (95% CI)	1 (Ref.)	1.134 (0.801–1.605)	1.553 (1.118–2.158)*

*p < 0.05; ^†p < 0.001, OR was adjusted for age, smoking and exercise.

CI, confidence interval; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; MetS, metabolic syndrome; ORs, odds ratios; TG, triglycerides; WC, waist circumference.

Figure 1.  The percentage of each abnormal metabolic syndrome component and metabolic syndrome. WC, waist circumference; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TG, triglycerides; MetS, metabolic syndrome.