The effect of age on the changes in bone mineral density and osteoporosis detection rates in Han Chinese men over the age of 50

Figures & data

Table 1. Comparisons of general characteristic data for different age groups.

	50–59	60–69	70–79	80–89	90+	Total
Number of patients (%)	152 (10.22)	402 (27.02)	341 (22.92)	528 (35.42)	66 (4.44)	1489
Age (years)	56.7 ± 2.4	65.5 ± 2.8	75.3 ± 2.9	84.7 ± 2.6	91.9 ± 1.4	74.82 ± 14.18
Height (cm)	173.03 ± 5.01	171.47 ± 5.04^1	170.53 ± 5.10^1	169.27 ± 5.41^1,2,3	167.08 ± 5.65^1,2,3,4	170.27 ± 2.25
Weight (kg)	76.99 ± 8.47	73.56 ± 9.32^1	71.44 ± 9.49^1	69.26 ± 9.60^1,2,3	66.93 ± 9.83^1,2,3,4	71.63 ± 3.87
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.69 ± 2.38	24.96 ± 2.53^1	24.53 ± 2.85^1	24.15 ± 3.0^1	23.98 ± 3.37^1	24.66 ± 0.68
OSTA Index	4.1 ± 1.8	1.6 ± 2.1^1	−0.8 ± 2.0^1,2	−3.1 ± 2.1^1,2,3	−5.0 ± 2.0^1,2,3,4

¹Statistically significant difference from the 50–59 group (p < 0.05); ²Statistically significant difference from the 60–69 group (p < 0.05); ³Statistically significant difference from the 70–79 group (p < 0.05); ⁴Statistically significant difference from the 80–89 group (p < 0.05).

Figure 1. Age-related changes in BMD at the lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck.

Table 2. Age-related changes in BMD in the lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck.

	50–59	60–69	70–79	80–89	90+
L1 BMD (g/cm^2)	1.05 ± 0.21	1.06 ± 0.20	1.09 ± 0.21	1.08 ± 0.20	1.11 ± 0.23
L2BMD (g/cm^2)	1.15 ± 0.22	1.15 ± 0.22	1.19 ± 0.22	1.18 ± 0.21	1.21 ± 0.25
L3 BMD (g/cm^2)	1.24 ± 0.25	1.24 ± 0.23	1.27 ± 0.24	1.26 ± 0.23	1.28 ± 0.26
L4 BMD (g/cm^2)	1.26 ± 0.27	1.26 ± 0.24	1.29 ± 0.26	1.29 ± 0.25	1.31 ± 0.29
L1–4 BMD (g/cm^2)	1.17 ± 0.26	1.17 ± 0.25	1.18 ± 0.27	1.19 ± 0.26	1.23 ± 0.25
Total hip BMD (g/cm^2)	0.91 ± 0.12	0.90 ± 0.12	0.90 ± 0.11	085 ± 0.13^1,2,3	0.84 ± 0.14^1,2,3
Femoral neck BMD (g/cm^2)	082 ± 0.11	0.81 ± 0.11	080 ± 0.10	0.76 ± 0.11^1,2,3	0.76 ± 0.11^1,2,3

¹Statistically significant difference from the 50–59 group (p < 0.05); ²Statistically significant difference from the 60–69 group (p < 0.05); ³Statistically significant difference from the 70–79 group (p < 0.05).

Table 3. The percentages of osteoporosis, osteopenia and normal bone mass in all age groups.

		L1–4			Femoral Neck			Total Hip			Total
Groups	Numbers	Osteopenia BMD (g/cm^2) N (%)	Osteoporosis BMD (g/cm^2) N (%)	Normal BMD (g/cm^2) N (%)	Osteopenia BMD (g/cm^2) N (%)	Osteoporosis BMD (g/cm^2) N (%)	Normal BMD (g/cm^2) N (%)	Osteopenia BMD (g/cm^2) N (%)	Osteoporosis BMD (g/cm^2) N (%)	Normal BMD (g/cm^2) N (%)	Osteopenia BMD (g/cm^2) N (%)	Osteoporosis BMD (g/cm^2) N (%)	Normal BMD (g/cm^2) N (%)
50–59	152	1.116 ± 0.162 17 (11.18)	0	1.190 ± 0.231 135 (88.82)	0.770 ± 0.070 38 (25.0)	0	0.833 ± 0.117 114 (75.0)	0.823 ± 0.061 16 (10.53)	0	0.922 ± 0.122 136 (89.47)	0.772 ± 0.071 39 (25.66)	0	0.832 ± 0.118 113 (74.34)
60–69	402	1.178 ± 0.202 37 (9.20)	1.296 ± 0.282 3 (0.75)	1.180 ± 0.210 362 (90.05)	0.765 ± 0.075 160 (39.81)	0.630 ± 0.031 9 (2.24)	0.842 ± 0.119 233 (57.96)	0.804 ± 0.064 64 (15.92)	0.669 ± 0.0 1 (0.25)	0.914 ± 0.117 337 (83.83)	0.765 ± 0.075 158 (39.30)	0.647 ± 0.048 11 (2.74)	0.841 ± 0.118 233 (57.96)
70–79	341	1.246 ± 0.221 23 (6.74)	1.658 ± 0.319 2 (0.59)	1.208 ± 0.207 316 (92.67)	0.775 ± 0.068 154 (45.16)	0.641 ± 0.053 12 (3.52)	0.841 ± 0.111 175 (51.32)	0.804 ± 0.047 59 (17.30)	0.632 ± 0.025 2 (0.59)	0.920 ± 0.110 280 (82.11)	0.776 ± 0.069 154 (45.16)	0.641 ± 0.053 12 (3.52)	0.841 ± 0.111 175 (51.32)
80–89	528	1.178 ± 0.180 49 (9.28)	1.142 ± 0.212 12 (2.27)	1.213 ± 0.214 467 (88.45)	0.764 ± 0.071 260 (49.24)	0.635 ± 0.076 109 (20.64)	0.834 ± 0.120 159 (30.11)	0.790 ± 0.067 180 (34.09)	0.630 ± 0.083 39 (7.39)	0.911 ± 0.112 309 (58.52)	0.763 ± 0.070 261 (49.43)	0.634 ± 0.079 110 (20.83)	0.833 ± 0.122 157 (29.73)
≥90	66	1.328 ± 0.190 6 (9.09)	0	1.225 ± 0.257 60 (90.91)	0.764 ± 0.086 32 (48.48)	0.658 ± 0.052 17 (25.76)	0.847 ± 0.121 17 (25.76)	0.775 ± 0.070 27 (40.91)	0.621 ± 0.050 5 (7.58)	0.921 ± 0.140 34 (51.51)	0.761 ± 0.086 31(46.97)	0.652 ± 0.057 18 (27.27)	0.846 ± 0.122 17 (25.76)

Figure 2. Comparisons of osteoporosis, osteopenia and normal bone mass detection rates between the under-70 and over-70 age groups.

Figure 3 (A) Correlation of the femoral neck BMD with age. (B) Correlation of the total hip BMD with age. (C) Correlation of the lumbar spine BMDwith age.

Table 4. Logistic regression analysis.

	Oddsratio	Standard error	Z-value	p Value	95% CI
Age	1.06	0.06	9.60	0.00	1.04–1.07
Body weight	0.95	0.06	−8.34	0.00	0.94–0.96

Table 5. The diagnostic value of OSTA index ≤−1 for osteoporosis and osteopenia.

	T-score
OSTA index	≤−1	>−1	≤−2.5	>−2.5	Total
≤−1	508	209	131	586	717
>−1	285	486	19	752	771
Total	793	695	150	1338	1488

Osteopenia (T ≤ −1): sensitivity: 64.06%; specificity: 69.93%; correct diagnosis rate: 66.80%; Youden index: 0.34; Osteoporosis (T ≤ −2.5): sensitivity: 87.33%; specificity: 56.20%; correct diagnosis rate: 59.34%; Youden index: 0.44.

Table 6. The diagnostic value of OSTA index ≤−4 for osteoporosis and osteopenia.

	T-score
OSTA index	≤−1	>−1	≤−2.5	>−2.5	Total
≤−4	204	40	78	166	244
>−4	589	655	72	1172	1244
Total	793	695	150	1338	1488

Osteopenia (T ≤ −1): sensitivity: 25.73%; specificity: 94.24%; correct diagnosis rate: 57.73%; Youden index: 0.20; Osteoporosis (T ≤ −2.5): sensitivity: 52.0%; specificity: 87.59%; correct diagnosis rate: 84.01%; Youden index: 0.40.

Figure 4. The proportion of risk groups among the different age groups.

Figure 5. The proportion of subjects with osteoporosis, osteopenia and normal bone mass in different risk groups.