Erectile dysfunction is a prognostic indicator of comorbidities in men with late onset hypogonadism

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographics of the study parameters, with population divided into three subgroups based upon IIEF-5 SHIM Scores for severity of ED.

	Severe		Moderate		Mild-moderate		Cohort		p Value
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	(one-way ANOVA)
Age	65.7	7.3	65.1	6.5	62.2	3.5	65.2	6.8	0.227
Weight	110.4	13.1	101.4	10.5	101	11.2	106.3	12.8	0.000
BMI	34.1	4.1	33.9	3.6	34.2	4	34	4	0.962
Waist circumference	110.9	9.4	104	6.6	102.2	8.2	107.6	9.2	0.000
Total cholesterol	277.4	45	260.5	40.8	249.5	26.5	268.6	43	0.027
Triglycerides	278	75.7	249.6	52.9	226.8	20.2	262.8	66.7	0.009
LDL	166.6	26.6	164.5	21.6	162.8	7.7	165.5	23.5	0.813
HDL	40.4	16.4	38.5	12.8	35.4	3.8	39.2	14.4	0.482
HbA1c	7.2	1.4	6.4	1	5.8	0.4	6.7	1.3	0.000
Glucose	119.5	37.1	105	24.6	89.5	22.6	111.4	33.3	0.003
Haemoglobin	14.4	1.2	14.7	1.1	14.7	0.7	14.5	1.1	0.506
Haematocrit	41.8	4.8	42.4	3.1	41.9	2	42	4.7	0.801
Total testosterone	2.16	0.51	2.15	0.5	2.28	0.4	2.17	0.49	0.685
SHBG	29.9	21.3	35.3	24.2	37.2	17.1	32.8	21.9	0.414
Free testosterone	0.044	0.178	0.0431	0.0212	0.0431	0.0117	0.0431	0.0186	0.830
Bioavailable testosterone	1.029	0.417	1.006	0.51	0.941	0.274	1.009	0.436	0.824
IPSS	12	4.7	11.1	4.1	11.2	4.2	11.6	4.4	0.536
AMS	55.01	6.6	53.9	7.6	50.8	6.1	54.6	7.2	0.043
SHBG	29.9	21.3	35.3	24.2	37.2	17.1	32.8	21.9	0.414

Differences are significant when p < 0.05. Total cohort, N = 130; severe subgroup, n = 71; moderate subgroup, n = 46; mild-moderate subgroup, n = 13.

Figure 1. Weight and waist circumference (mean ± SD) stratified by subgroups of men with varying severity of ED [SHIM 1–7, severe ED (S), 8–11 moderate ED (M) and 12–16 mild to moderate (MM)]. *One-way ANOVA sig. p < 0.05.

Figure 2. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels (mean ± SD) between subgroups of men with varying severity of ED [SHIM 1–7, severe ED (S), 8–11 moderate ED (M) and 12–16 mild to moderate (MM)]. *One-way ANOVA sig. p < 0.05.

Figure 3. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (mean ± SD) between subgroups of men with varying severity of ED [SHIM 1–7, severe ED (S), 8–11 moderate ED (M) and 12–16 mild to moderate (MM)]. *One-way ANOVA sig. p < 0.05.

Figure 4. Serum fasting glucose levels (mean ± SD) between subgroups of men with varying severity of ED [(SHIM 1-7, severe ED (S), 8-11 moderate ED (M), and 12-16 mild to moderate (MM)]. *One way ANOVA Sig. p < 0.05.

Figure 5. Total AMS Scores (mean ± SD) between subgroups of men with varying severity of ED [SHIM 1–7, severe ED (S), 8–11 moderate ED (M) and 12–16 mild to moderate (MM)]. *One-way ANOVA sig. p < 0.05.

Figure 6. Percentage of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) amongst subgroups of men with varying severity of ED [SHIM 1–7, severe ED (S), 8–11 moderate ED (M) and 12–16 mild to moderate (MM)]. *Pearson chi-square test (χ²) sig. p < 0.05.

Table 2. Frequencies of categorical variables stratified by severity of ED.

	Severe		Moderate		Mild-moderate
Variable	Frequency	Percentage	Frequency	Percentage	Frequency	Percentage	χ^2 Sig.
Cardiovascular
No	65	52	46	35.4	13	10.5	0.023
Yes	6	100	0	0	0	0
Diabetes
No	39	45.3	34	39.5	13	15.1	0.018
Type 1	6	75	2	25	0	0
Type 2	26	72.2	10	27.8	0	0
Hypertension
No	60	55.6	39	36.1	9	8.3	0.373
Yes	11	50	7	31.8	4	18.2
BPH
No	19	61.3	9	29	3	9.7	0.67
Yes	52	52.5	37	37.4	10	10.1
Hyperlipidemia
No	43	61.4	22	31.4	5	7.2	0.202
Yes	28	46.7	24	40	8	13.3
Metabolic syndrome
No	59	56.2	37	35.2	9	8.6	0.505
Yes	12	48	9	36	4	16
Smoking
No	40	57.1	25	35.7	5	7.2	0.492
Yes	31	51.7	21	35	8	13.3
Alcohol
No	1	50	1	50	0	0	0.796
Rarely	19	59.4	8	25	5	15.6
Occasionally	7	35	8	40	5	25
Weekly	3	33.4	4	44.4	2	22.2
Daily	13	48.1	11	40.7	3	11.2

The right hand column displays p values representing Chi squared tests between subgroups.