The imbalance of sex-hormones related to depressive symptoms in obese men

Figures & data

Table 1. Correlation matrix – hormones versus insulin resistance aspects.

	BMI	WC	TT	FT	SHBG	Insulin	HOMA-IR
Age	−0.22	−0.22	−0.19	−0.07	0.01	−0.12	−0.14
p	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
padjusted	*ns	*ns	*ns	*ns	*ns	*ns	*ns
BMI		0.83	−0.22	0.06	0.01	0.42	0.49
p		<0.00001	ns	ns	ns	ns	0.001
padjusted		<0.0001*	ns*	ns*	ns*	ns*	0.008*
WC			0.13	0.07	−0.11	0.33	0.44
p			ns	ns	ns	0.013	0.004
padjusted			ns*	ns*	ns*	ns*	<0.03*
TT				−0.01	0.38	−0.30	−0.37
p				ns	0.01	0.05	<0.02
padjusted				ns*	0.06*	ns*	ns*
FT					−0.64	0.12	0.10
p					0.000001	ns	ns
padjusted					<0.0001*	ns*	ns*
SHBG						−0.18	−0.20
p						ns	ns
padjusted						ns*	ns*
Insulin							0.87
p							<0.00001
padjusted							<0.00001*

Italic values indicate statistically significant (p = 0.00001).

ns is greater than 0.05 or non significant.

p-Value significant if <0.05; *p-adjusted wtih Bonferroni correction; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; TT, total testosterone; FT, free testosterone; SHBG, sex-hormones binding globulin; HOMA-IR, insulin resistance HOMA.

Table 2. Comparison of clinical and laboratorial characteristics in patients with no to mild depressive symptoms (BDI scores <16) versus the most depressive patients (moderate to severe BDI scores ≥16).

Patients	Not depressive	Depressive
n	31	12
BDI score	8 (1–15)	20 (18–28)
Age years	38 ± 11	39 ± 10
BMI kg/m^2	39 ± 6	38 ± 6
WC cm	121.5 ± 12	121.3 ± 13
SBP × DBP mmHg	147 ± 22 × 100 ± 14	147 ± 18 × 103 ± 12
FG mg/dl	90.9 ± 11	91.3 ± 11
Insulin mU/l	35.5 ± 26	36.6 ± 39
HOMA-IR	3.8 ± 2.1	3.5 ± 1.6
SHBG nmol/l	42 ± 30	37 ± 18
LH IU/l	5.2 ± 1.9	4.4 ± 1.6
E2 pmol/l	103 ± 48	136 ± 48*
Total T nmol/l	11.0 ± 3.8	10.1 ± 3.2
Free T pmol/l	334 ± 207	340 ± 154
E2/T Ratio	9.8 ± 4.6	15.8 ± 9.9*

BDI, beck depression inventory; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP × DPB, systolic and diastolic blood pressure; FG, fasting glycemia; HOMA-IR, insulin resistance HOMA; SHBG, steroids hormones binding globulin; E₂, estradiol; Total T, total testosterone; Free T, free testosterone; E₂/T, estradiol to TT ratio.

*p < 0.05; data as median (variation) or mean ± SD.

Figure 1. Linear regressions and confidence intervals between BDI scores versus estradiol (A) and estradiol to testosterone ratio (B).