Cross-sectional analysis between prostate volumes and serum sex hormones in Japanese men attending a urological clinic

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of patients.

Variable	All patients	PV ≤ 25	PV > 25
	(N = 226)	(N = 101)	(N = 125)
Testosterone (ng/ml)	4.86 ± 1.81	4.91 ± 1.84	4.82 ± 1.79
E2 (pg/ml)	29.5 ± 11.4	29.5 ± 12.4	29.6 ± 10.5
DHEAS (μg/dl)	112.0 ± 61.6	117.4 ± 65.1	107.7 ± 58.4
Height (cm)	165.4 ± 6.3	164.4 ± 6.6	166.2 ± 6.0
Body weight (kg)	62.8 ± 9.4	61.5 ± 10.1	63.8 ± 8.6
BMI	22.9 ± 2.9	22.7 ± 3.3	23.1 ± 2.6
Smoking (N)
0	89	44	45
1	95	38	57
2	40	19	21
unknown			2
Alcohol (N)
0	69	24	45
1	15	8	7
2	140	69	71
unknown			2
Alopecia (N)
0	107	51	56
1	67	30	37
2	47	20	27
unknown			5
Age	71.7 ± 8.8	71.7 ± 9.3	71.7 ± 8.36

Mean ± SD.

Figure 1. Relationship between PV and age. PV showed no correlation with age (r = 0.071, p = 0.290, N = 226). However, in patients under 70 years old, there was a significant positive correlation between PV and age (r = 0.284, p = 0.008, N = 85).

Table 3. Pearson correlations between PV (all, ≤25, >25) and the variables.

	All patients	PV ≤ 25	PV > 25
Testosterone	0.149*	0.053	0.287†
	(0.163*)	(0.068)	(0.303†)
E2	0.112	0.091	0.193*
	(0.135*)	(0.117)	(0.213*)
DHEAS	−0.071	0.103	−0.058
	(−0.049)	(0.120)	(−0.001)
Height	0.037	0.136	−0.117
	(0.071)	(0.172)	(−0.081)
Body weight	0.046	0.293†	−0.117
	(0.081)	(0.330†)	(−0.084)
BMI	0.028	0.258†	−0.074
	(0.045)	(0.269†)	(−0.056)
Smoking	0.068	0.049	0.072
	(0.067)	(0.048)	(0.082)
Alcohol	−0.169*	−0.237*	−0.111
	(−0.172*)	(−0.246*)	(−0.102)
Alopecia	0.071	−0.098	0.094
	(0.049)	(−128)	(0.061)
Age	0.071	0.030	0.124

*p < 0.05; †p < 0.01; ( ) adjusted by age.

Figure 2. Correlation between PV and sex hormones. (a) PV and testosterone (r = 0.149, p = 0.025), (b) PV and E2 (r = 0.112, p = 0.094), (c) PV and DHEAS (r = −0.071, p = 0.290). PV significantly correlated with testosterone. N = 226.

Table 2. Pearson correlations between variables of all patients.

	PV	T	E2	DHEAS	Smoking	Alcohol	Alopecia
PV	–	0.149*	0.112	−0.071	0.068	−0.169*	0.071
		(0.163*)	(0.135*)	(−0.049)	(0.067)	(−0.172*)	(0.049)
Testosterone	0.149*	–	0.343†	0.003	0.047	−0.060	0.054
	(0.163*)		(0.307†)	(0.035)	(0.038)	(−0.049)	(0.100)
E2	0.112	0.343†	–	0.044	0.128	−0.077	0.035
	(0.135*)	(0.307†)		(0.081)	(0.125)	(−0.069)	(0.042)
DHEAS	−0.071	0.003	0.044	–	−0.112	0.026	−0.320†
	(−0.049)	(0.035)	(0.081)		(−0.115)	(−0.020)	(−0.186†)
Height	0.037	−0.102	−0.013	0.254†	−0.027	−0.030	−0.190†
	(0.071)	(−0.090)	(−0.029)	(0.114)	(−0.020)	(−0.063)	(−0.060)
Body weight	0.046	−0.250†	0.088	0.194†	−0.004	0.017	−0.106
	(0.081)	(−0.240†)	(0.119)	(0.012)	(0.006)	(−019)	(0.063)
BMI	0.028	−0.245†	0.103	0.074	0.005	0.034	−0.013
	(0.045)	(−0.231†)	(0.140*)	(−0.054)	(0.010)	(0.011)	(0.100)
Smoking	0.068	0.047	0.128	−0.112	–	−0.041	0.023
	(0.067)	(0.038)	(0.125)	(−0.115)		(−0.049)	(0.008)
Alcohol	−0.169*	−0.060	−0.077	0.026	−0.041	–	−0.022
	(−0.172*)	(−0.049)	(−0.069)	(−0.020)	(−0.049)		(0.001)
Alopecia	0.071	0.054	0.035	−0.320†	0.023	−0.022	–
	(0.049)	(0.020)	(0.042)	(−0.186†)	(0.008)	(0.001)
Age	0.071	0.082	−0.021	−0.409†	0.037	−0.057	0.390†

*p < 0.05; †p < 0.01; ( ) adjusted by age N = 226.

Table 4. Pearson correlations between PV and sex hormone ratios.

	All patients	PV ≤ 25	PV > 25
E2/T	−0.027	−0.081	−0.067
	(−0.028)	(−0.015)	(−0.079)
E2/DHEAS	0.046	0.104	0.186*
	(0.034)	(0.101)	(0.155)
T/DHEAS	0.096	0.096	0.226*
	(0.082)	(0.092)	(0.201*)

*p < 0.05; ( ) adjusted by age.

Figure 3. Correlation between sex hormones. (a) E2 and testosterone (r = 0.343, p = 0.000), (b) DHEAS and E2 (r = 0.044, p = 0.508), (c) DHEAS and testosterone (r = 0.003, p = 0.968). E2 significantly correlated with testosterone. N = 226.

Figure 4. Relationship between sex hormones and age. (a) testosterone (r = 0.082, p = 0.218), (b) E2 (r = −0.021, p = 0.749), (c) DHEAS (r = −0.409, p = 0.000). DHEAS significantly correlated with age. N = 226.