Personality and cardiovascular risk: Association between hypertension and affective temperaments—a cross-sectional observational study in primary care settings

Figures & data

Table 1. Prevalence of socio-demographic factors, lifestyle-related hypertension risk factors and most common chronic disorders of 251 chronically ill primary care patients in Hungary.

	Hypertensive patients n = 179 n (%)	Normotensive patients n = 72 n (%)	P value
Older age (≥ 60 years)	101 (56)	22 (31)	< 0.0001
Female	102 (57)	48 (67)	0.157
Education in years
8 years	38 (21)	11 (15)	0.291
12 years	81 (45)	28 (39)
> 12 years	57 (32)	32 (44)
Increased BMI^a	135 (75)	32 (44)	< 0.0001
Smokers (%)	28 (16)	16 (22)	0.324
Regular physical activity^b	35 (20)	17 (25)	0.426
Diabetes mellitus (Missing data = 1)	54 (30)	3 (4)	< 0.0001
Musculoskeletal conditions^c	56 (36)	22 (37)	0.916
Dyslipidemia^c	44 (28)	11 (18)	0.136
Gastrointestinal disorders^c	45 (29)	10 (17)	0.066

^aIncreased BMI: > 25 kg/m².

^bRegular physical activity: 30 min aerobic exercise daily or more than once weekly.

^cMissing data: 35, hypertensives: n = 156, normotensives: n = 60.

Table 2. Relationship between the prevalence of hypertension and age, overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus and dominant depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious affective temperaments, among 251 chronically ill primary care patients in Hungary (multivariable logistic regression).

	Adjusted OR	95% CI^a	P value*
Intercept	0.253	0.12–0.51	0.0002
Age (> 60)	4.687	2.34–9.95	< 0.0001
BMI > 25 kg/m2	6.222	3.06–13.30	< 0.0001
Diabetes mellitus	7.023	2.53–25.22	0.0006
Dominant depressive temperament	2.759	0.26–29.24	0.6982
Dominant cyclothymic temperament	11.885	1.27–111.17	0.0236
Dominant irritable temperament	0.388	0.06–2.47	0.5560
Dominant anxious temperament	1.649	0.35–7.71	0.8587

^aAge, overweight/obesity and diabetes mellitus were considered as independent risk factors for hypertension; confidence intervals and P values were determined independently with error rate of 0.05. Dominant affective temperaments were tested simultaneously and corrected for 5% family-wise error rate (FVER). In case of dominant affective temperaments, multiplicity-adjusted P value is significant at the 0.05 level.