Evaluation of Antiaris africana methanol extract and compounds for antioxidant and antitumor activities

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Chemical structures of compounds isolated from the stem bark of Antiaris africana.

Figure 2.  Free radical scavenging activity of the methanol extract, compounds from Antiaris africana, and vitamin C: values with the same letter are not significantly different (ANOVA, p < 0.05). 1, betulinic acid; 2, 3β-acetoxy-1β,11α-dihydroxy-olean-12-ene; 3, ursolic acid; 4, oleanolic acid; 5, strophanthidol; 6, periplogenin; 7, convallatoxin; 8, strophanthidinic acid; 9, methylstrophanthinate; 10, 3,3′-dimethoxy-4′-O-β-d-xylopyronosylellagic acid.

Figure 3.  Antitumor activity of the methanol extract and compounds from Antiaris africana as obtained in Crown gall assay: values with the same letter are not significantly different (ANOVA, p < 0.05). 1, betulinic acid; 2, 3β-acetoxy-1β,11α-dihydroxy-olean-12-ene; 3, ursolic acid; 4, oleanolic acid; 5, strophanthidol; 6, periplogenin; 7, convallatoxin; 8, strophanthidinic acid; 9, methylstrophanthinate; 10, 3,3′-dimethoxy-4′-O-β-d-xylopyronosylellagic acid.

Figure 4.  Effects of the methanol extract and compounds from Antiaris africana on (A) DU-145 and (B) Hep G2 cell survivals: values with the same letter are not significantly different (ANOVA, p < 0.05). 1, betulinic acid; 2, 3β-acetoxy-1β,11α-dihydroxy-olean-12-ene; 7, convallatoxin; 8, strophanthidinic acid; 9, methylstrophanthinate; 10, 3,3′-dimethoxy-4′-O-β-d-xylopyronosylellagic acid.

Table 1.  Activity of the crude extract from A. africana, selected compounds, and doxorubicin on human cancer cell lines DU-145 and Hep G2.

Tested sample^a	Human cancer cell line
	DU-145		Hep G2
	% Inhibition at highest concentration^b	IC50 (μg/mL)	% Inhibition at highest concentration^b	IC50 (μg/mL)
A. africana extract	64.12 ± 4.18	27.16	73.62 ± 6.08	13.84
1	52.84 ± 2.71	46.29	46.87 ± 2.59	nd
2	44.26 ± 3.87	nd	56.99 ± 3.47	44.12
7	17.28 ± 1.56	nd	26.37 ± 2.09	nd
8	26.49 ± 2.60	nd	34.55 ± 6.18	nd
9	37.16 ± 3.67	nd	19.28 ± 1.13	nd
10	73.17 ± 5.67	6.24	89.62 ± 4.70	3.82
Doxorubicin	100.00 ± 0.00	<3.12	100.00 ± 0.00	<3.12

^aTested samples: 1, betulinic acid; 2, 3β-acetoxy-1β,11α-dihydroxy-olean-12-ene; 7, convallatoxin; 8, strophanthidinic acid; 9, methylstrophanthinate; 10, 3,3′-dimethoxy-4′-O-β-d-xylopyronosylellagic acid.

^bThe highest concentration tested was 50 μg/mL for compounds and doxorubicin, 100 μg/mL for the methanol extract.