Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Jungia paniculata

Figures & data

Figure 1.  HPLC-UV analysis of Jungia paniculata with max-plot responses. A, phenolic acid; F, flavonoid.

Table 1.  Extract yield and total phenols and flavonoids contents for Jungia paniculata.

Extract	Yield^a	Spectrophotometric results
		TP^b	TF^c
MeOH	24.7	14.84 ± 1.95	5.83 ± 0.21
MeOH50	24.7	7.34 ± 1.56	6.70 ± 0.48
H2O	25.6	2.31 ± 0.34	2.07 ± 0.23

Note. MeOH, methanolic extract; MeOH50, 50% methanolic extract; H₂O, water extract.

^aExtract yields expressed as grams of extract per 100 grams (dry weight) of plant.

^bTotal phenols (TP) expressed as gallic acid equivalents: milligrams of gallic acid per 100 milligrams (dry weight) of extract.

^cTotal flavonoids (TF) expressed as rutin equivalents: milligrams of rutin per 100 milligrams (dry weight) of extract.

Figure 2.  Effect of three extracts of Jungia paniculata on LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Values are expressed as mean ± SD from three independent experiments.

Table 2.  Effect of extracts of Jungia paniculata on human synovial sPLA₂ activity.

Sample	β Emission (cps)	Human synovial %I	IC50 (µg/mL)
Enzyme	6391 ± 854.4	—
MeOH extract	4811 ± 808.3^ns	33.6 ± 7.0	ND
MeOH50 extract	2522 ± 300.2^**	82.3 ± 2.6	652.815
H2O extract	4394 ± 382.8^ns	42.5 ± 3.3	ND
SCA	2253 ± 369.6^***	83.8 ± 5.1	ND

Note. Results are mean ± SD (n = 6) and are compared with enzyme control group. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, ^nsp > 0.05. %I, percentage of inhibition. IC₅₀ values were determined for extracts that reached 50% inhibition at 10 µM. ND, not determined.

Table 3.  Anti-inflammatory effect of MeOH50 extract of Jungia paniculata on rat paw edema.

Sample	Dose (mg/kg)	Increase in paw volume (mL), p value for t-test (% inhibition)
		1 h	2 h	3 h	4 h
Control	—	0.28 ± 0.08	0.40 ± 0.04	0.66 ± 0.08	0.74 ± 0.05
Indomethacin	10	0.27 ± 0.02	0.22 ± 0.09	0.35 ± 0.02	0.29 ± 0.05
		p = 0.88^ns	p = 0.018*	p = 0.000**	p = 0.000**
		(3.57%)	(45%)	(46.97%)	(60.81%)
MeOH50	250	0.23 ± 0.06	0.45 ± 0.09	0.61 ± 0.06	0.76 ± 0.03
		p = 0.35^ns	p = 0.354^ns	p = 0.356^ns	p = 0.851^ns
		(17.85%)	(–12.5%)	(7.58%)	(–2.70%)
	500	0.26 ± 0.03	0.36 ± 0.06	0.42 ± 0.06	0.73 ± 0.06
		p = 0.69^ns	p = 0.66^ns	p = 0.006**	p = 0.865^ns
		(7.14%)	(10%)	(36.36%)	(1.35%)

Note. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 10). Two doses of MeOH50 extract and indomethacin are compared with the vehicle control group (ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test). ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^nsp > 0.05.

Table 4.  Anti-inflammatory effect of extracts of Jungia paniculata on mouse ear edema.

Sample	Dose (mg/ear)	Weight of edema (mg)	Edema inhibition (%)
Control	—	27.97 ± 3.54	—
MeOH50	2.5 (×3)	1.68 ± 0.62**	93.99
Indomethacin	0.5	7.04 ± 2.97**	74.83

Note. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 10) and are compared with vehicle control group (ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test). ^**p < 0.01.

Table 5.  Free radical scavenging and antioxidant enzyme activities in extracts of Jungia paniculata.

Sample	IC50 (μg/mL)
	DPPH^• radical	ABTS^•+ radical	Superoxide radical
MeOH	19.48 ± 1.15*	19.84 ± 2.89*	8.67 ± 0.42*
MeOH50	11.91 ± 0.55*	15.37 ± 1.82*	6.53 ± 0.04^ns
H2O	58.40 ± 2.71**	66.62 ± 12.11**	24.15 ± 3.39**
BHT	5.05 ± 0.63	5.08 ± 0.90	2.45 ± 0.43

Note. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 12) and they are compared with BHT (ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test). ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^nsp > 0.05.