Anti-asthmatic potential of chrysin on ovalbumin-induced bronchoalveolar hyperresponsiveness in rats

Figures & data

Table 1.  Effects of chrysin on lung histology.

Lung injury	Groups
	NS	S	Dexa	CHR3	CHR10	CHR30
Infiltration of leucocytes	0.0 ± 0.0	3.8 ± 0.2^##	0.8 ± 0.2**	2.2 ± 0.94	2.1 ± 0.29	1.2 ± 0.24*
Type of inflammatory exudates	0.0 ± 0.0	3.4 ± 0.4^##	1.2 ± 0.2**	2.1 ± 0.44	1.6 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.24*
Status of bronchi	0.0 ± 0.0	2.6 ± 0.24^##	1.2 ± 0.24**	2.3 ± 0.6	1.8 ± 0.47	1.3 ± 0.24*
Perivascular status of lung blood vessels	0.2 ± 0.2	2.4 ± 0.24^##	0.8 ± 0.2**	1.9 ± 0.87	1.6 ± 0.91	1.0 ± 0.2*
Integrity of alveoli	0.2 ± 0.2	2.8 ± 0.2^##	1.4 ± 0.24**	1.4 ± 0.19	1.2 ± 0.59*	1.3 ± 0.24*
Activation of alveolar macrophages	0.0 ± 0.0	3.0 ± 0.31^##	1.2 ± 0.2**	1.7 ± 0.2	1.5 ± 0.6*	1.2 ± 0.24*
TLIS	0.4 ± 0	18.0 ± 1.59^##	6.6 ± 1.28**	11.6 ± 3.24	9.8 ± 3.06	7.2 ± 1.4*

TLIS, total lung injury score; NS, non-sensitized (OVA-challenged, treated with vehicle); S, Sensitized; Dexa, dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, p.o.) treated; CHR3, CHR10 and CHR30, Chrysin at 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. Data of each parameter was separately analyzed by non-parametric Kruskal Wallis followed by Dunn’s test. ^##p < 0.01 when sensitized group compared with non-sensitized group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 when Dexa, CHR3, CHR10, CHR30 groups compared with sensitized group.

Figure 1.  Effects of chrysin on pulmonary morphological changes. The lung sections from (A) NS, non-sensitized = OVA-challenged, treated with vehicle, (B) S, sensitized = OVA-sensitized and challenged, treated with vehicle), (C) Dexa, OVA-sensitized and challenged, treated with dexamethasone 1 mg/kg, (D) CHR3, (E) CHR10 and (F) CHR30 = OVA-sensitized and challenged, treated with chrysin 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. Arrows showing hemorrhage, hyperplasia of epithelial cells.

Figure 2.  Effect of chrysin on (A) differential cell count (B) total cell count from BALF. NS, non-sensitized (OVA-challenged, treated with vehicle), S, sensitized (OVA-sensitized and challenged, treated with vehicle), Dexa, OVA-sensitized and challenged treated with dexamethasone 1 mg/kg, CHR3, CHR10, CHR30, OVA-sensitized and challenged, treated with chrysin 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. ^###p < 0.001 when sensitized group versus non-sensitized group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 when Dexa, CHR3, CHR10, CHR30 groups versus sensitized group.

Table 2.  Effect of Chrysin on lung weight ratio.

Group no.	Group	Lung weight ratio (wet/dry) mean ± SEM
I	NS	2.96 ± 0.073
II	S	4.48 ± 0.092^###
III	D	3.2 ± 0.086**
IV	CHR3	4.09 ± 0.037*
V	CHR10	3.66 ± 0.077**
VI	CHR30	3.21 ± 0.101**

NS, non-sensitized (OVA-challenged, treated with vehicle); S, sensitized (OVA-sensitized and challenged treated with vehicle); Dexa, OVA-sensitized and challenged treated with dexamethasone 1 mg/kg, CHR3, CHR10, CHR30, OVA-sensitized and challenged treated with Chrysin 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. ANOVA followed by Dunnett test. ^###p < 0.001 when sensitized group versus non-sensitized group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 when Dexa, CHR3, CHR10, CHR30 groups versus sensitized group.

Figure 3.  Effect of chrysin on (A) alkaline phosphatise (B) lactate dehydrogenase (C) total protein (D) from BALF. NS, non-sensitized (OVA-challenged, treated with vehicle), S, sensitized (OVA-sensitized and challenged, treated with vehicle), Dexa, OVA-sensitized and challenged, treated with dexamethasone 1 mg/kg, CHR3, CHR10, CHR30, OVA-sensitized and challenged, treated with chrysin 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. ^###p < 0.001 when sensitized group versus non-sensitized group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 when Dexa, CHR3, CHR10, CHR30 groups versus sensitized group.

Figure 4.  Effect of chrysin on (A) nitrite content from BALF (B) lipid peroxidation from lung homogenate. NS, non-sensitized (OVA-challenged, treated with vehicle), S, sensitized (OVA-sensitized and challenged, treated with vehicle), Dexa, OVA-sensitized and challenged treated with dexamethasone 1 mg/kg, CHR3, CHR10, CHR30, OVA-sensitized and challenged, treated with chrysin 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. ^###p < 0.001 when sensitized group versus non-sensitized group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 when Dexa, CHR3, CHR10, CHR30 groups versus sensitized group.