Antibacterial activity of some bryophytes used traditionally for the treatment of burn infections

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Yield percentage of different fractions of plant extracts.

Table 1.  Antibacterial activity* of some fractions (conc. 30 mg mL⁻¹) of Indian bryophytes.

Bacterial strains	Fractions	Pa	Ba	Mm	Cc
Gram positive
Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC, 96)	Hexane	37.73	43.48	42.85	–
	Chloroform	64.82	82.23	72.1	–
	Butanol	48.99	92.14	102.92	–
	Methanol	30.03	43.36	42.66	–
Escherichia coli (MTCC, 443)	Hexane	56.23	63.32	62.32	–
	Chloroform	72.43	92.48	86.48	–
	Butanol	43.28	100.23	92.39	–
	Methanol	21.12	–	23.62	–
Streptococcus pyogenes (MTTC,1927)	Hexane	40.58	–	48.32	–
	Chloroform	72.45	–	59.48	–
	Butanol	48.48	–	98.92	70.32
	Methanol	12.93	–	23.78	–
Bacillus subtilis MTCC (121)	Hexane	28.32	–	58.32	–
	Chloroform	58.43	–	57.82	–
	Butanol	48.43	–	92.42	–
	Methanol	–	–	–	–
Bacillus cereus MTCC (430),	Hexane	41.32	42.32	19.37	70.83
	Chloroform	60.87	58.82	43.42	75.0
	Butanol	53.07	69.48	80.57	47.2
	Methanol	–	–	–	66.6
Gram negative
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424)	Hexane	40.62	28.67	43.49	80.42
	Chloroform	92.52	41.33	53.48	120.32
	Butanol	72.43	52.66	80.28	72.49
	Methanol	19.37	17.33	12.37	32.47
Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC (109)	Hexane	41.32	–	42.32	47.37
	Chloroform	87.38	30.69	53.72	83.89
	Butanol	56.42	81.33	72.82	70.02
	Methanol	21.33	45.66	–	36.62
Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC, 439)	Hexane	40.58	51.67	21.13	56.96
	Chloroform	82.42	71.33	28.17	80.19
	Butanol	48.45	92.43	53.28	60.19
	Methanol	12.93	–	–	39.06
Enterobacter aerogenes (MTCC, 111)	Hexane	43.48	43.42	43.28	46.15
	Chloroform	87.32	62.42	52.49	76.92
	Butanol	21.43	72.78	68.48	68.46
	Methanol	–	–	–	34.61
Proteus mirabilis (MTCC, 1429)	Hexane	40.03	23.29	78.72	58.62
	Chloroform	83.37	69.11	48.42	83.89
	Butanol	70.38	83.23	91.32	58.42
	Methanol	32.48	–	–	39.06

*Inhibition zone in percentages in relation to the standard drug erythromycin. Pa, Plagiochasma appendiculatum; Ba, Bryum argentium; Mm, Mnium marginatum; Cc, Conocephalum conicum; –, not determined.

Table 2.  MIC and MBC values of liverwort (chloroform) and mosses (butanol) fraction of Indian bryophytes (μg mL⁻¹).

Bacterial strains	Pa		Ba		Mm		Cc		Erythromycin
	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC
Gram positive
Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC, 96)	930	1870	70	150	30	70	–	–	90	180
Escherichia coli (MTCC, 443)	460	1870	30	70	70	150	–	–	40	90
Streptococcus pyogenes (MTTC,1927)	460	930	–	–	70	310	460	1870	90	180
Bacillus subtilis (MTCC,121)	1870	3750	–	–	150	310	–	–	20	40
Bacillus cereus (MTCC,430),	930	1870	620	1250	150	310	460	1870	20	40
Gram negative
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC, 424)	110	230	1250	2500	150	620	20	110	20	90
Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC, 109)	230	930	310	620	620	1250	230	1870	20	40
Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC, 439)	230	460	150	310	1250	2500	230	930	40	180
Enterobacter aerogenes (MTCC, 111)	460	930	620	1250	620	1250	460	930	90	180
Proteus mirabilis (MTCC, 1429)	230	460	150	310	150	310	110	460	10	20

MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; MBC, minimum bactericidal concentration; Pa, Plagiochasma appendiculatum; Ba, Bryum argentium; Mm, Mnium marginatum; Cc, Conocephalum conicum; –, Not determined.