Chemical composition and mosquito larvicidal activities of Salvia essential oils

Figures & data

Table 1.  Chemical constituents of aerial parts essential oils from S. elegans, S. dorisiana, S. splendens Blue Ribbon, and S. splendens Scarlet Sage Red.

Constituents	Concentration (%)
	RT	S. elegans	S. dorisiana	S. splendens B	S. splendens R
Linalool	8.802	1.58
δ-Elemene	17.974			3.35
Copaene	19.466			1.09
(−)-β-Elemene	20.270			4.88
Methyl eugenol	20.874	0.93
Caryophyllene	21.251	10.32	5.32	12.99
Aristolene	22.312			6.28
(+)-epi-Bicyclosesquiphellandrene	22.477		4.42	2.13
α-Caryophyllene	22.515	1.96		1.26
Aromadendrene	22.777	1.66
β-Cubebene	23.610	1.68		22.9
β-Ionone	24.194			3.36	6.29
Ledene	24.228	3.79
γ-Elemene	24.406			4.08
endo-(2s,7R)-Tricyclo[6.2.2.0(2,7)]-4,9-dodecadiene-3,6-dione	24.519		1.73
Valencene	24.680			1.63
γ-Cadinene	24.908	1.56
β-Cadinene	25.412	1.32		1.74
Eudesma-3,7(11)-diene	25.657	0.52
1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-Octahydro-4a,8-dimethyl-2-(1-Methylethylidene)-naphthalene	25.746			0.69
Caryophyllene oxide	26.355	0.52		1.85
(+)-γ-Gurjunene	26.541			0.97
Palustrol	26.977			1.45
Germacrene D-4-ol	27.349			1.52
(−)-Spathulenol	27.725	38.73
Eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol	27.797			1.44
Ledol	27.813		45.8
4,4-Dimethyl-tetracyclo[6.3.2.0(2,5).0(1,8)]tridecan-9-ol	29.560	4.02
τ-Cadinol	29.780			0.59
β-Guaiene	30.025	1.83
α-Cadinol	30.275			1.16
iso-Aromadendrene epoxide	30.917	5.39		0.66
Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone	36.922		2.31	1.48	3.96
3,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-As-Indacen-1(2H)-one	37.142	1.52
Farnesyl acetone	39.354			0.58
Methyl isopalmitate	39.641	1.22
Isophytol	40.326			0.57
Palmitic acid	40.846		3.98		10.99
13-Isopimaradiene	41.218	0.42
Cyclooctasulfur	41.679				24.88
1-Heptatriacotanol	42.800			0.33
Methyl linoleate	44.766	0.73
α-Dihydroxypropyl linoleate	44.965	1.17
Phytol	45.409	3.85	10.81	12.27	41.46
Boldenone	46.800	1.37
Octyl 4-methoxycinnamate	46.868			0.44
Pimara-7,15-dien-3-one	48.064	5.67
13β-Methyl-13-vinyl-podocarp-7-en-3β-ol	48.902	1.83
Sclareol	49.866	0.64
Totarol	51.079	0.48
9-Octadecenamide	52.340			0.8
Ethyl iso-allocholate	53.629		6.37
2,2'-Methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl] phenol	53.651				12.42
4,4'-[(p-Phenylene)diisopropylidene]diphenol	59.685		17.38
Identified constituents (%)		94.71	98.12	92.49	100
Unidentified constituents (%)		5.29	1.88	7.51	—
Monoterpene hydrocarbons (%)		4.41	—	—	—
Diterpene hydrocarbons (%)		14.26	10.81	12.84	41.46
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (%)		69.28	57.85	76.39	10.25
Fatty acid esters		1.22	3.98		10.99
Phenols			17.38		12.42
Miscellaneous compounds		5.54	8.1	3.26	24.88
Oil yield (%, w/w)		0.23	0.25	0.18	0.13

Figure 1.  Mosquito larvicidal effects of essential oils from four taxa of Salvia L. against fourth instar larvae of A. albopictus in 24 h (mean ± standard error of mortality%).

Table 2.  Efficacy of essential oils from S. elegans, S. dorisiana, S. splendens Blue Ribbon, and S. splendens Scarlet Sage Red against fourth instar larvae of A. albopictus in 24 h treatment.

Specimens	Regression equation	χ^2	LC50 (fiducial limits) ppm	LC90 (fiducial limits) ppm
S. elegans	0.021X−1.089	16.025	46.4 (45.022–57.365)	121.8 (101.208–126.727)
S. dorisiana	0.014X−1.270	11.921	76.7 (74.717–95.317)	187.9 (168.718–192.558)
S. splendens B	0.020X−1.245	4.863	59.2 (56.617–65.252)	133 (115.329–134.018)
S. splendens R	0.010X−1.158	24.299	92.7 (90.168–132.677)	257.9 (216.531–289.783)