Chemopreventive effects of wild carrot oil against 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-induced squamous cell carcinoma in mice

Figures & data

Table 1.  Main components (≥1%) of Daucus carota oil.

Components	Percentage
α-Longipinene	15.87
Methyl isoeugenol	7.92
Elemicin	4.56
β-Selinene	4.53
β-Asarone	4.07
β-Himachalene	3.96
β-Bisabolene	3.78
α-Humulene	2.63
Widdrol	2.45
allo-Aromadendrene	2.11
α-Caryophyllene	1.45
β-Caryophyllene	1.26
Caryophyllene oxide	1.03
Aromadendrene	1.01
Trace and unidentified	43.37

Table 2.  The effects of different concentrations of Daucus carota oil when administered by various means on the promotion of mouse skin papilloma (PAPS) at Week 15.

Treatments	% Survival	Weeks of first PAPS	Papilloma yield		Papilloma incidence
			PAPS/mouse	% Inhibition	% Mice with PAPS	% Inhibition
Control (TPA)	100	6	16.2 ± 2.13	0	100	0
Topical
Oil (5%)	100	6	8.1 ± 2.01*	50	90	10
Oil (50%)	100	7	2.2 ± 0.72**	86	60	40
Oil (100%)	100	9	1.8 ± 0.79**	89	50	50
Gavage	100	6	15.8 ± 1.65	2	100	0
Intraperitoneal	100	6	9 ± 1.96*	44	100	0

*P < 0.05, **P < 0.001 significant compared with control.

Table 3.  The effects of different concentrations of Daucus carota oil when administered by various means on the promotion of mouse skin papilloma (PAPS) at Week 20.

Treatments	% Survival	Weeks of first PAPS	Papilloma yield		Papilloma incidence
			PAPS/mouse	% Inhibition	% Mice with PAPS	% Inhibition
Control (TPA)	100	6	18.8 ± 1.76	0	100	0
Topical
Oil (5%)	100	6	12.0 ± 2.59*	36	100	0
Oil (50%)	100	7	3.3 ± 1.09**	82	70	30
Oil (100%)	100	9	2.0 ± 0.84**	89	60	40
Gavage	100	6	18.1 ± 1.66	4	100	0
Intraperitoneal	100	6	10.8 ± 1.73*	43	100	0

*P < 0.05, **P < 0.001 significant compared with control.

Figure 1.  Effect of Daucus carota oil extract administered by various means on (A) papilloma incidence and on (B) papilloma yield.

Table 4.  The inhibitory effects of different concentrations of Daucus carota oil administered by various means on the papilloma volume (mm³) at Weeks 15, 17, and 20.

Treatments	Week 15	Week 17	Week 20
	% Inhibition	% Inhibition	% Inhibition
Topical
Oil (5%)	75	75*	70*
Oil (50%)	93*	92*	91*
Oil (100%)	100**	99*	99*
Gavage	40	29	20
Intraperitoneal	90*	90*	85*

*P < 0.05, **P < 0.001 significant compared with control.

Figure 2.  Effect of Daucus carota oil extract on tumor volume (mm³). (A) Topical application; (B) gavage and intraperitoneal injections. Bars represent mean tumor volume ± SEM. *P < 0.05 significant compared with control.

Figure 3.  Histological analysis of skin tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoyl phorobol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment in mice removed after 20 weeks. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining revealed the differences concerning several morphological features between the control (A–C), gavage treated groups (D–F), intraperitoneal treated groups (G–I), 5% treated groups (J–L), and the 50% topical treated groups (M–O). Black brackets points to the intensity of hyperplasia, black arrows point to hyperkeratosis, and black arrow heads indicate the levels of infiltration and the density of collagen core bundles. 200× magnification.