In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of a methanol extract of Dregea volubilis leaves with its antioxidant effect

Figures & data

Table 1.  In vitro effect of methanol extract of Dregea volubilis leaves (MEDV) on EAC-cell line.

Parameter	Sample	Concentration of MEDV or 5-FU (µg/ml)
		0	10	25	50	100	250	500	750	1000
Cell viability (%)	MEDV	99.11 ± 0.26	95.04 ± 1.66	82.55 ± 2.35^§	62.87 ± 2.92^§	45.03 ± 1.35^§	27.51 ± 2.39^§	16.66 ± 1.96^§	10.95 ± 1.64^§	5.62 ± 1.52^§
	5-FU	99.11 ± 0.26	89.43 ± 1.40	60.12 ± 4.00^§	41.72 ± 2.30^§	34.18 ± 2.16^§	21.55 ± 2.29^§	12.44 ± 1.41^§	6.88 ± 0.82^§	3.27 ± 0.83^§

Data are expressed as the mean of 3 experiments ± S.E.M. ^§p < 0.001, extract-treated groups compared with the EAC control group. % growth inhibition = (100−cell viability)%.

Table 2.  Effect of methanol extract of Dregea volubilis leaves (MEDV) on body weight, tumor volume, packed cell volume, viable and non-viable tumor cell count of EAC-bearing mice.

Parameters	EAC control (2 × 10^6 Cells/mouse)	MEDV (50 mg/kg)+ EAC	MEDV (100 mg/kg)+ EAC	MEDV (200 mg/kg)+ EAC	5-floururacil (20 mg/kg)+ EAC
Body weight (g)	26.94 ± 0.77	21.57 ± 0.43***	20.82 ± 0.44***	20.24 ± 0.59***	21.24 ± 0.53***
Tumor volume (ml)	4.88 ± 0.49	0.62 ± 0.08***	0.57 ± 0.09***	0.48 ± 0.07***	0.08 ± 0.01***
Packed cell volume (ml)	2.05 ± 0.10	0.33 ± 0.06***	0.29 ± 0.06***	0.23 ± 0.05***	0.03 ± 0.01***
Viable tumor cell count (×10^6 cells/ml)	377.53 ± 6.81	55.20 ± 1.44***	48.87 ± 1.76***	44.74 ± 1.70***	38.68 ± 1.45***
Non-viable tumor cell count (×10^6 cells/ml)	48.42 ± 3.02	22.82 ± 1.01***	19.88 ± 1.41***	12.06 ± 0.88***	23.99 ± 3.41***

Data are expressed as the mean of results in 6 mice ± S.E.M. ***p < 0.001, extract-treated groups compared with the EAC control group. Body weight of normal mice: 20.39 ± 0.18 g.

Table 3.  Effect of the methanol extract of Dregea volubilis leaves (MEDV) on hematological parameters of EAC-bearing mice.

Parameters	Normal	EAC control (2 × 10^6 Cells/mouse)	MEDV (50 mg/kg) + EAC	MEDV (100 mg/kg) + EAC	MEDV (200 mg/kg) + EAC
Hemoglobin (g/dl)	13.73 ± 0.57	8.35 ± 0.70#	10.08 ± 0.44	10.67 ± 0.42	10.73 ± 0.58
RBC (×10^6/mm^3)	8.05 ± 0.32	4.03 ± 0.23#	5.32 ± 0.19	5.72 ± 0.37*	5.77 ± 0.29**
WBC (×10^3/mm^3)	6.52 ± 0.28	17.13 ± 0.28#	10.57 ± 0.23***	8.18 ± 0.26***	6.57 ± 0.26***

Data are expressed as the mean of results in 6 mice ± S.E.M. The EAC control group was compared with normal group where #p < 0.001. Extract-treated groups was compared with the EAC control group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Table 4.  Effect of the methanol extract of Dregea volubilis leaves (MEDV) on liver enzymes of EAC-bearing mice.

Parameters	EAC control (2 × 10^6 Cells/mouse)	MEDV (50 mg/kg)+ EAC	MEDV (100 mg/kg)+ EAC	MEDV (200 mg/kg)+ EAC	5-floururacil (20 mg/kg)+ EAC
SOD (U/mg protein)	6.80 ± 0.33	9.96 ± 0.49***	11.95 ± 0.44***	12.22 ± 0.48***	12.31 ± 0.60***
Catalase (mM of H2O2 decomposed per min per mg protein)	0.232 ± 0.015	0.308 ± 0.014*	0.338 ± 0.020**	0.358 ± 0.011***	0.368 ± 0.018***
LPO (nM MDA mg^−1 of protein)	1.337 ± 0.034	1.213 ± 0.028	1.128 ± 0.041**	1.103 ± 0.033**	1.058 ± 0.034***

Data are expressed as the mean of results in 6 mice ± S.E.M. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, extract-treated and standard groups compared with the EAC control group.