Tournefortia sarmentosa extract attenuates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity

Figures & data

Table 1.  Effect of T. sarmentosa extract on liver function and inflammatory markers in APAP-administrated rats.

Treatment	SGOT (U/L)	SGPT (U/L)	ALP (U/L)	TNF-α (pg/mL)	IL-1β (pg/mL)	IL-6 (pg/mL)
Normal control	80.49 ± 8.08	38.42 ± 5.67	150.76 ± 8.93	24.74 ± 2.5	34.97 ± 3.4	23.46 ± 2.8
APAP	982.53 ± 65.46*	179.74 ± 18.6*	261.48 ± 28.68*	159.16 ± 10.4*	214.62 ± 12.4^a	194.34 ± 8.1^a
250 mg T. sarmentosa + APAP	155.23 ± 23.12^#	74.27 ± 8.32^#	193.25 ± 18.31^#	108.34 ± 7.6^#	147.31 ± 9.2^b	115.37 ± 6.3^b
500 mg T. sarmentosa + APAP	117.25 ± 18.46^#	52.12 ± 7.37^#	169.25 ± 14.37^#	68.42 ± 4.2^#	85.68 ± 8.2^b	74.54 ± 5.6^b

APAP, acetaminophen; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; IL, interleukin; SGOT, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase; SGPT, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

Values are mean ± SEM, n = 8 animals.

p < 0.01 significantly different from the normal control.

p < 0.01 significantly different from the APAP-administrated group.

Table 2.  Effect of T. sarmentosa extract on liver antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels in APAP-administrated rats.

Treatment	CAT (U/mg protein)	SOD (U/mg protein)	GPx (U/mg protein)	MDA (nmol/mg protein)
Normal control	44.20 ± 3.72	11.25 ± 0.81	38.92 ± 1.16	1.96 ± 0.16
APAP	30.22 ± 2.32*	7.89 ± 1.05*	26.14 ± 1.21*	3.51 ± 0.35^a
250-mg T. sarmentosa + APAP	34.20 ± 1.96^#	10.34 ± 1.22^#	28.42 ± 2.24^#	2.41 ± 0.27^b
500-mg T. sarmentosa + APAP	38.42 ± 2.45^#	11.12 ± 1.16^#	37.22 ± 2.65^#	2.06 ± 0.22^b

APAP, acetaminophen; CAT, catalase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

Values are mean ± SEM, n = 8 animals.

p < 0.01 significantly different from the normal control.

p < 0.05 significantly different from the APAP-administrated group.

Figure 1.  (A) Dose-dependent effect of acetaminophen (APAP) on clone-9 hepatocyte viability. Results have been given as percentage over control (CL). Cells were kept as CL or treated with different concentrations (0−20 mM) of APAP for 24 h. The cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Each bar represents the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) from six independent experiments. *p < 0.05 versus CL. (B) Dose-dependent effect of the aqueous extract of T. sarmentosa against APAP-induced toxic effect on cell viability. Cells were kept as CL or stimulated with 10 mM APAP for 24 h. Before stimulated with APAP, clone-9 cells were pretreated with 0−100 μg/mL aqueous extract of T. sarmentosa for 1 h. The cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM from six independent experiments. *p < 0.05 versus CL. ^#p < 0.05 versus APAP-treated cells.

Figure 2.  Effect of T. sarmentosa on malondialdehyde (MDA) level in clone-9 cells treated with acetaminophen (APAP). Results have been given as percentage over control (CL). Cells were kept as CL or treated with 10 mM APAP. Before stimulation with acetaminophen (APAP), clone-9 cells were pretreated with 0−100 μg/mL aqueous extract of T. sarmentosa for 1 h. Each bar represents the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) from six independent experiments. *p < 0.05 versus CL. ^#p < 0.05 versus APAP-treated cells.

Figure 3.  Effect of T. sarmentosa on glutathione (GSH) level in clone-9 cells treated with acetaminophen (APAP). Results have been given as percentage over control (CL). Cells were kept as CL or treated with 10 mM APAP. Before stimulation with APAP, clone-9 cells were pretreated with 0−100 μg/mL aqueous extract of T. sarmentosa for 1 h. Each bar represents the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) from six independent experiments. *p < 0.05 versus CL. ^#p < 0.05 versus APAP-treated cells.

Figure 4.  Effect of T. sarmentosa on (A) catalase (CAT), (B) superoxide dismutase (SOD), and (C) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in clone-9 cells treated with acetaminophen (APAP). Results have been given as percentage over control (CL). Cells were kept as CL or treated with 10 mM APAP. Before stimulated with APAP, clone-9 cells were pretreated with 0−100 μg/mL aqueous extract of T. sarmentosa for 1 h. Each bar represents the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) from six independent experiments. *p < 0.05 versus CL. ^#p < 0.05 versus APAP-treated cells.