Cardioprotective activity of standardized extract of Ficus racemosa stem bark against doxorubicin-induced toxicity

Figures & data

Figure 1.  HPLC chromatogram of sequential acetone extract. The HPLC chromatogram was separated on a RP-C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm²; 5 µm) using gradient elution-water and acetonitrile at a total flow rate of 1.0 mL min⁻¹; gradient composition (min,% acetonitrile): 0, 20%; 5, 40%; 8, 75%; 12, 90%;15, 95%; 25, 95%; 27, 20%; 30, 20%. The chromatogram at 270 nm was analyzed and compared.

Table 1.  Effect of FRSACE on key cardiac and hepatic enzymes in serum.

Group	CK-MB (U L^−1)	LDH (U L^−1)	Troponin I	AST (U L^−1)	ALT (U L^−1)
Control	437^a ± 29.5	601^a ± 57.3	–	98^a ± 11.5	53^a ± 7.9
FR250	1209^c ± 42.9	1779^c ± 88.7	+	283^c ± 23.7	201^c ± 18.9
FR500	790^b ± 44.3	903^b ± 65.1	+	212^b ± 15.3	124^b ± 7.6
AR100	1314^d ± 47.7	1828^d ± 79.9	+	274^c ± 25.7	193^c ± 15.7
DOX	2107^e ± 83.9	2859^e ± 88.2	+	357^d ± 27.7	356^d ± 23.1

^aData expressed as mean ± SD of n = 6 rats (p ≤ 0.05); ^bFR₂₅₀: FRSACE 250 mg kg⁻¹, FR₅₀₀: FRSACE 500 mg kg⁻¹, AR₁₀₀: arjuna 100 mg kg⁻¹, Dox: doxorubicin; ^cValues carrying different superscripts a–e in columns differ significantly from each other (p ≤ 0.05).

Figure 2.  The TBARS levels in serum and heart. Data expressed as mean ± SD of n = 6 rats (p ≤ 0.05); FR₂₅₀: FRSACE 250 mg kg⁻¹, FR₅₀₀: FRSACE 500 mg kg⁻¹, AR₁₀₀: Arjuna 100 mg kg⁻¹, Dox: doxorubicin. Bars carrying different letters a, b, c differ significantly from each other (p ≤ 0.05).

Figure 3.  Glutathione levels in serum and heart. Data expressed as mean ± SD of n = 6 rats (p ≤ 0.05); FR₂₅₀: FRSACE 250 mg kg⁻¹, FR₅₀₀: FRSACE 500 mg kg⁻¹, AR₁₀₀: Arjuna 100 mg kg⁻¹, Dox: doxorubicin. Bars carrying different letters a, b, c differ significantly from each other (p ≤ 0.05).

Figure 4.  (A) Section of the heart of Dox-treated rats showing inflammatory changes. (B) Section of the heart of control rats showing normal cardiac muscle fibers with vesicular nuclei. (C) Section of the heart of FRSACE (250 mg kg⁻¹) + Dox-treated rats showing congested blood vessels and inflammatory changes. (D) Section of the heart of Arjuna (100 mg kg⁻¹) + Dox-treated rats showing inflammatory changes. (E) Section of the heart of FRSACE (500 mg kg⁻¹) + Dox-treated rats showing normal cardiac muscle fibers and some congested blood vessels; NMF: normal cardiac muscle fibers, PNMI: perivascular mononuclear infiltrate, CBV: congested blood vessel.