Antinociceptive, antidiarrheal, and neuropharmacological activities of Barringtonia acutangula

Figures & data

Table 1.  Antinociceptive effect of methanol extract of B. acutangula leaf and seed on acetic acid-induced writhing in mice.

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg body weight)	Number of writhing (in 10 min)	% Inhibition
Control	–	25.80 ± 2.08	–
Diclofenac sodium	10	9.80 ± 0.41^a	62.02
BALE	200	16.70 ± 1.89^a	35.27
BALE	400	8.10 ± 0.99^a	68.60
BASE	200	14.90 ± 0.70^a	42.25
BASE	400	4.30 ± 0.44^a	83.33

Each value is presented as the mean ± SEM. (n = 5). Dunnett’s test compared with control group.

BALE = B. acutangula leaf extract; BASE = B. acutangula seed extract.

^ap < 0.001.

Figure 1.  The antinociceptive effect of B. acutangula extracts and nalbuphine in the hot plate test. Each value is presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 5). ^ap < 0.001, ^bp < 0.01, Dunnett’s test compared with control group. BALE = B. acutangula leaf extract; BASE = B. acutangula seed extract.

Figure 2.  The antinociceptive effect of B. acutangula extracts and nalbuphine in tail immersion test. Each value is presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 5). ^ap < 0.001, ^bp < 0.01, ^cp < 0.05, Dunnett’s test compared with control group. BALE = B. acutangula leaf extract; BASE = B. acutangula seed extract.

Table 2.  Antidiarrheal effect of methanol extract of B. acutangula leaf and seed on mice in castor oil and MgSO₄-induced diarrhea.

Treatment	Dose (p.o.)	Castor oil-induced diarrhea		MgSO4-induced diarrhea
		No. of fecal droppings in 4 h	% Inhibition of defecation	No. of fecal droppings in 4 h	% Inhibition of defecation
Control	10 mL/kg	23.20 ± 2.08	–	19.20 ± 1.16	–
Loperamide	3 mg/kg	5.60 ± 0.93^a	75.86	5.40 ± 1.03^a	71.88
BALE	200 mg/kg	7.20 ± 2.46^a	68.97	10.00 ± 1.64^b	47.92
BALE	400 mg/kg	5.80 ± 2.13^a	75.00	5.20 ± 1.16^a	72.92
BASE	200 mg/kg	7.80 ± 2.46^a	66.38	12.40 ± 2.06^c	35.42
BASE	400 mg/kg	6.00 ± 1.30^a	74.14	7.60 ± 1.75^a	60.42

Each value is presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 5). Dunnett’s test compared with control group.

BALE = B. acutangula leaf extract; BASE = B. acutangula seed extract.

^ap < 0.001, ^bp < 0.01, ^cp < 0.05.

Figure 3.  The neuropharmacological effect of B. acutangula extracts and diazepam in hole cross test. Each value is presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 5). ^ap < 0.001, ^bp < 0.01, ^cp < 0.05, Dunnett’s test compared with control group. BALE = B. acutangula leaf extract; BASE = B. acutangula seed extract.

Figure 4.  The neuropharmacological effect of B. acutangula extracts and diazepam in open field test. Each value is presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 5). ^ap < 0.001, ^bp < 0.01, ^cp < 0.05, Dunnett’s test compared with control group. BALE = B. acutangula leaf extract; BASE = B. acutangula seed extract.