Antiulcer activity of the chloroform extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaf

Figures & data

Figure 1.  The HPLC profile of chloroform extract of B. purpurea (CEBP) at various wavelengths.

Figure 2.  The UV spectra analysis of peak 5 (RT = 15.535 min) and peak 6 (RT = 22.274 min) of the chloroform extract of B. purpurea (CEBP) at 330 nm exhibiting the λ two max at 215–325 nm and 210–345 nm.

Table 1.  Effect of CEBP and omeprazole on ethanol-induced gastric lesion in rats.

Inducer	Pre-treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Ulcer area (mm^2)	Protection (%)
Absolute ethanol	Control	–	124.33 ± 4.26^a	–
	Omeprazole	30	41.33 ± 10.29^b	66.78
	CEBP	100	61.67 ± 11.86^b	50.41
		500	17.33 ± 3.44^c	86.07
		1000	0.00 ± 0.00^c	100.00

Values are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6/group).

CEBP, chloroform extract of B. purpurea.

^a,b,cMeans with different letters differ significantly (p < 0.05).

Figure 3.  Histological evaluation of antiulcer activity of chloroform extract of B. purpurea (CEBP) against absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats (A) Stomach of an ulcer control rat; (B) Stomach of a rat pre-treated with omeprazole; (C) Stomach of a rat pre- treated with 100 mg/kg CEBP; (D) Stomach of a rat pre-treated with 500 mg/kg CEBP; (E) Stomach of a rat pre- treated with 1000 mg/kg CEBP; The respective histopathological sections are shown below; (Ai) Stomach of the ulcer control animal showing mild effect on mucosa and moderate hemorrhagic erosion, severe edema, mild infiltrate leukocytes and presence of mild inflammatory exudates; (Bi) Stomach of omeprazole treated animals show moderate effect on mucosa with moderate hemorrhage and edema; (Ci) Stomach of 100 mg/kg CEBP treated animals showing mild effect on mucosa with moderate effect on edema and presence of inflammatory exudates; (Di)Stomach of 500 mg/kg CEBP treated animals showing almost normal mucosa with moderate effect of edema and mild presence of inflammatory exudates and leukocytes infiltrate; (Ei) Stomach of 1000 mg/kg CEBP treated animals showing almost normal mucosa with moderate effect edema and presence of inflammatory exudates

Table 2.  Effect of CEBP and omeprazole on indomethacin-induced gastric lesion in rats.

Inducer	Pre-treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Ulcer area (mm^2)	Protection (%)
Indomethacin	Control	–	4.83 ± 0.92a	–
	Omeprazole	30	0.00 ± 0.00b	100.00
	CEBP	100	3.33 ± 0.91a	31.13
		500	3.67 ± 0.84a	24.04
		1000	2.00 ± 0.81b	58.62

Values are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6/group).

CEBP, chloroform extract of B. purpurea.

^a,b,cMeans with different letters differ significantly (p < 0.05).

Figure 4.  Histological evaluation of antiulcer activity of CEBP against indomethacin-induced gastric lesions in rats (F) Stomach of an ulcer control rat; (G) Stomach of a rat pre-treated with omeprazole; (H) Stomach of a rat pre- treated with 100 mg/kg CEBP; (I) Stomach of a rat treated with 500 mg/kg CEBP; (J) Stomach of a rat treated with 1000 mg/kg CEBP. The respective histopathological section is shown below; (Fi) Stomach of the ulcer control animal showed normal on mucosa but with mild hemorrhagic and mild edema; (Gi) Stomach of omeprazole pre-treated animals showed normal mucosa; (Hi) Stomach of CEBP 100 mg/kg pre-treated animals showed mild hemorrhage and edema; (Ii) Stomach of CEBP 500 mg/kg pre-treated animals showed mild edema; (Ji): Stomach of CEBP 1000 mg/kg pre-treated animals showed mild effect on mucosa and mild hemorrhagic erosion but with moderate effect of edema

Table 3.  Histopathological evaluation of antiulcer activity of CEBP and omeprazole on ethanol-induced gastric lesion in rats.

Pre-treatment Group	Mucosal epithelium	Glands	Hemorrhage	Oedema	Inflammatory exudates	Leukocytes infiltrate	Cellular debri
8% Tween 80	+++	–	++	+++	++	++	–
30 mg/kg Omeprazole	+	–	++	++	–	–	–
100 mg/kg CEBP	++	–	++	++	++	++	–
500 mg/kg CEBP	+	–	–	++	+	+	–
1000 mg/kg CEBP	–	–	–	++	++	-	–

(–), normal; (+), mild effect; (++), moderate effect; (+++), Severe effect; CEBP, chloroform extract of B. purpurea leaf.

Table 4.  Histopathological evaluation of antiulcer activity of CEBP and omeprazole on indomethacin-induced gastric lesion in rats.

Pre-treatment group	Mucosal epithelium	Glands	Hemorrhage	Oedema	Inflammatory exudates	Leukocytes infiltrate	Cellular debri
8% Tween 80	–	–	+	+	–	–	–
30 mg/kg omeprazole	–	–	–	+	–	–	–
100 mg/kg CEBP	+	–	+	++	–	–	–
500 mg/kg CEBP	–	–	–	+	–	–	–
1000 mg/kg CEBP	–	–	+	+	–	–	–

(–), normal; (+), mild effect; (++), moderate effect; (+++), severe effect; CEBP, chloroform extract of B. purpurea.

Table 5.  Effect of CEBP and omeprazole on gastric juice parameters assessed using the pylorus ligation model in rats.

Pre-treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Ulcer area (mm2)	Protection (%)	Gastric Content (ml)	pH (unit)	Total acidity (meq./L)
Control	–	28.50 ± 0.99^a	–	9.67 ± 0.42^a	1.18 ± 0.18^a	5578.96 ± 232.00^a
Omeprazole	30	2.83 ± 0.54^b	90.07	3.67 ± 0.33^b	3.28 ± 0.07^b	2430.00 ± 153.68^b
CEBP	100	14.5 ± 1.11^c	49.12	7.50 ± 0.56^c	1.51 ± 0.46^c	4070.25 ± 146.30^c
	500	5.33 ± 0.76^b	81.30	5.00 ± 0.36^c	1.54 ± 0.25^c	4009.50 ± 282.34^c
	1000	13.16 ± 0.65^c	53.82	6.50 ± 0.50^c	1.44 ± 0.50^c	4252.50 ± 348.43^c

Values are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6/group).

CEBP, chloroform extract of B. purpurea.

^a,b,cMeans with different letters differ significantly (p < 0.05).

Table 6.  Effect of CEBP and omeprazole on gastric wall mucus.

Pre-treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Gastric wall mucus (Alcian blue µg/g wet tissue)
8% Tween 80 (Control)	–	25.48 ± 0.86^a
Omeprazole	30	36.06 ± 0.52^b
CEBP	100	52.59 ± 2.05^c
	500	66.09 ± 0.82^d
	1000	49.30 ± 2.22^c

Values are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6/group).

CEBP, chloroform extract of B. purpurea.

^a,b,cMeans with different letters differ significantly (p < 0.05).