Evaluation of an ethnomedicinal combination containing Semecarpus kurzii and Hernandia peltata used for the management of inflammation

Figures & data

Table 1. The physicochemical parameters of SKL and HPB.

Sample	Weight (gm)	%Rendement (yield)	Ash content (% w/w)	Acid insoluble ash (% w/w)	Water content (%)
SKL (Aug)	200.0	8.9 ± 0.13	3.50 ± 0.41	0.20 ± 0.11	19.99 ± 11.51
SKL (Dec)	207.2	8.12 ± 0.21	4.31 ± 0.37	0.35 ± 0.40	24.10 ± 12.17
SKL (April)	200.5	7.65 ± 0.16	5.14 ± 0.21	0.42 ± 0.17	25.51 ± 0.53
HPB (Aug)	200.0	9.15 ± 0.11	4.75 ± 0.02	0.33 ± 0.19	17.12 ± 0.41
HPB (Dec)	200.2	8.70 ± 0.09	5.51 ± 0.03	0.45 ± 0.45	19.20 ± 0.12
HPB (April)	205.0	8.55 ± 0.11	6.04 ± 0.41	0.66 ± 0.63	22.15 ± 0.64

Figure 1. (a) HPLC chromatogram of standard UA. (b) HPLC chromatogram of SKL extract. (c) HPLC chromatogram of standard CA. (d) HPLC chromatogram of HPB extract.

Table 2. Analgesic activity of ME of SKL and HPB and its combination, by acetic acid-induction and tail flick methods.

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Acetic acid-induced (reaction time in s)	% Inhibition	Tail flick (Reaction time in s)	% Inhibition
Control		24.00 ± 0.40	0	21.63 ± 0.38	0
Paracetamol	50	4.33 ± 0.33*	81.95	–	–
Morphine	5	–	–	5.20 ± 0.10*	75.95
S. kurzii leaf (SKL)	400	9.63 ± 0.24*	59.87	9.25 ± 0.58*	57.24
	500	8.47 ± 0.30**	64.70	7.67 ± 0.24**	64.53
H. peltata bark (HPB)	400	9.20 ± 0.20*	61.66	9.11 ± 0.47*	57.88
	500	6.46 ± 0.54**	73.08	6.51 ± 0.06**	69.90
SKL (250) + HPB (250)	500	5.27 ± 0.32**	78.04	6.12 ± 0.12**	71.70

Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, (n = 6).

*p < 0.05.

**p < 0.01.

Control, 2% (v/v) aqueous Tween-80 solution.

Table 3. Anti-inflammatory activity of ME of SKL and HPB and its combination, by carrageenan- and dextran-induced paw edema methods.

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Carrageenan-induced paw edema	%Inhibition	Dextran-induced paw edema	% Inhibition
Control	–	2.95 ± 0.31	–	3.16 ± 0.52	–
Diclofenac disodium	20	0.76 ± 0.08*	74.23	0.81 ± 021*	74.36
S. kurzii leaf (SKL)	400	1.27 ± 0.26*	56.94	1.41 ± 0.27*	55.37
	500	1.03 ± 0.33**	65.08	1.13 ± 0.37**	64.24
H. peltata bark (HPB)	400	1.68 ± 0.06*	43.05	1.81 ± 0.07*	42.72
	500	1.41 ± 0.05**	52.20	1.56 ± 0.35**	50.63
SKL (250) + HPB (250)	500	0.81 ± 0.16**	72.54	0.88 ± 0.05**	72.15

Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, (n = 6). *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. Control, 2% (v/v) aqueous Tween-80 solution.

Figure 2. Antiinflammatory activity of ME of S. kurchi leaf and H. peltata bark and the combination of the both by Cotton pellet granuloma in rats.

Figure 3. Effect of ME of S. kurzii leaf and H. peltata bark and the combination of the both on acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in mice.

Table 4. Effect of ME of SKL and HPB and its combination extract on human RBC-induced sensitivity and on membrane stabilization.

Sample (s)	Concentration	Absorption at 540 nm	% Inhibition of hemolysis
Hypotonic medium	50 mM	0.730 ± 0.06	–
S. kurzii leaf (SKL)	0.25 mg/mL	0.480 ± 0.51**	34.24
	0.4 mg/mL	0.384 ± 0.37*	47.39
	0.5 mg/mL	0.296 ± 0.47**	59.45
H. peltata bark (HPB)	0.25 mg/mL	0.420 ± 0.32*	31.22
	0.4 mg/mL	0.342 ± 0.35*	45.37
	0.5 mg/mL	0.330 ± 0.24**	54.79
SKL (0.25) + HPB (0.25)	0.5 mg/mL	0.278 ± 0.43**	61.91
Indomethacin	0.1 mg/mL	0.265 ± 0.17**	63.69

Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, (n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, compare with control.

Figure 4. Effect of ME of S. kurzii leaf and H. peltata bark and the combination of both on protein denaturation.