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Research Article

Protective effect of Cnestis ferruginea and its active constituent on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice: A behavioral and biochemical study

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Pages 825-835 | Received 28 Jun 2012, Accepted 29 Dec 2012, Published online: 29 Apr 2013

Figures & data

Figure 1. Effect of methanolic root extract of CF on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Data are expressed as mean TLT (sec) ± S.E.M. Significant increase (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001) versus acquisition trial.

Figure 1. Effect of methanolic root extract of CF on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Data are expressed as mean TLT (sec) ± S.E.M. Significant increase (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001) versus acquisition trial.

Figure 2. Effect of CF-2 on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Data are expressed as mean TLT (sec) ± S.E.M. Significant increase (**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001) versus acquisition trial.

Figure 2. Effect of CF-2 on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Data are expressed as mean TLT (sec) ± S.E.M. Significant increase (**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001) versus acquisition trial.

Figure 3. Effect of methanolic root extract of CF on scopolamine-induced amnesia in Morris water maze test. Data are expressed as mean ELT (sec) ± S.E.M. Significant decrease (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001) versus session 1.

Figure 3. Effect of methanolic root extract of CF on scopolamine-induced amnesia in Morris water maze test. Data are expressed as mean ELT (sec) ± S.E.M. Significant decrease (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001) versus session 1.

Figure 4. Effect of methanolic root extract of CF on mean distance traveled (path length) in Morris water maze test. Data are expressed as mean path length (cm) ± S.E.M. Significant decrease (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001) versus session 1.

Figure 4. Effect of methanolic root extract of CF on mean distance traveled (path length) in Morris water maze test. Data are expressed as mean path length (cm) ± S.E.M. Significant decrease (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001) versus session 1.

Figure 5. Correlation between mean latency time and mean path length.

Figure 5. Correlation between mean latency time and mean path length.

Figure 6. Representative Morris water maze tracing of different groups of animals during last trial of session 5.

Figure 6. Representative Morris water maze tracing of different groups of animals during last trial of session 5.

Figure 7. Effect of CF-2 on scopolamine-induced amnesia in Morris water maze test. Data are expressed as mean ELT (sec) ± S.E.M. Significant decrease (**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001) versus acquisition trial.

Figure 7. Effect of CF-2 on scopolamine-induced amnesia in Morris water maze test. Data are expressed as mean ELT (sec) ± S.E.M. Significant decrease (**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001) versus acquisition trial.

Figure 8. Effect of CF-2 on mean distance traveled (path length) in Morris water maze test. Data are expressed as mean path length (cm) ± S.E.M. Significant decrease (**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001) versus session 1.

Figure 8. Effect of CF-2 on mean distance traveled (path length) in Morris water maze test. Data are expressed as mean path length (cm) ± S.E.M. Significant decrease (**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001) versus session 1.

Figure 9. Correlation between mean latency time and mean path length.

Figure 9. Correlation between mean latency time and mean path length.

Figure 10. Effect of methanol root extract of CF and its constituent CF-2 on AChE activity. Data are expressed as mean AChE activity (μmol/min/mg protein) ± S.E.M. #Significant increase (p < 0.01) versus control group and *significant increase (p < 0.01) versus scopolamine group.

Figure 10. Effect of methanol root extract of CF and its constituent CF-2 on AChE activity. Data are expressed as mean AChE activity (μmol/min/mg protein) ± S.E.M. #Significant increase (p < 0.01) versus control group and *significant increase (p < 0.01) versus scopolamine group.

Figure 11. Effect of methanol root extract of CF and its constituent CF-2 on MDA level. Data are expressed as mean MDA level (nmol/mg protein) ± S.E.M. #Significant increase (p < 0.05) versus control group and *significant decrease (p < 0.05) versus scopolamine group.

Figure 11. Effect of methanol root extract of CF and its constituent CF-2 on MDA level. Data are expressed as mean MDA level (nmol/mg protein) ± S.E.M. #Significant increase (p < 0.05) versus control group and *significant decrease (p < 0.05) versus scopolamine group.

Figure 12. Effect of methanol root extract of CF and its constituent CF-2 on GSH level. Data are expressed as mean GSH level (μg/mg protein) ± S.E.M. #Significant decrease (p < 0.01) versus control group and *significant increase (p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01) versus scopolamine group.

Figure 12. Effect of methanol root extract of CF and its constituent CF-2 on GSH level. Data are expressed as mean GSH level (μg/mg protein) ± S.E.M. #Significant decrease (p < 0.01) versus control group and *significant increase (p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01) versus scopolamine group.

Figure 13. Effect of methanol root extract of CF and its constituent CF-2 on nitrite level. Data are expressed as mean nitrite level (µg/mg protein) ± S.E.M.

Figure 13. Effect of methanol root extract of CF and its constituent CF-2 on nitrite level. Data are expressed as mean nitrite level (µg/mg protein) ± S.E.M.

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